< November 30, 1988     Back to date list    January 31, 1989 >

Top 10 active players as of December 31, 1988

  #  

Player Rating +/-
1 Kasparov, Garry K282448
2 Karpov, Anatoly E279747
3 Short, Nigel D270347
4 Beliavsky, Alexander G270048
5 Tal, Mikhail269248
6 Salov, Valery B268850
7 Timman, Jan H268747
8 Gelfand, Boris268551
9 Speelman, Jonathan S267848
10 Portisch, Lajos267448

About these ratings

Top 500 active players as of December 31, 1988

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Kasparov, Garry K28244861.8% #225.72
2 Karpov, Anatoly E27974730.8% #337.61
3 Short, Nigel D2703471.0% #2423.58
4 Beliavsky, Alexander G2700480.9% #2635.04
5 Tal, Mikhail2692480.6% #3052.14
6 Salov, Valery B2688500.7% #3424.60
7 Timman, Jan H2687470.5% #3337.05
8 Gelfand, Boris2685510.6% #3620.52
9 Speelman, Jonathan S2678480.3% #4032.25
10 Portisch, Lajos2674480.2% #4251.74
11 Andersson, Ulf2673480.2% #4337.51
12 Jussupow, Artur M2669480.2% #4628.88
13 Tukmakov, Vladimir B2667490.2% #4942.79
14 Ivanchuk, Vassily2664490.2% #5119.79
15 Korchnoi, Viktor L2664470.1% #5057.77
16 Ehlvest, Jaan2660480.1% #5426.21
17 Chernin, Alexander M2660480.1% #5428.82
18 Yudasin, Leonid G2659510.1% #5629.40
19 Lputian, Smbat G2653480.1% #5930.88
20 Ribli, Zoltán2653490.1% #6037.32
21 Gurevich, Mikhail N2652480.1% #6029.86
22 Vaganian, Rafael A2652480.1% #6137.21
23 Psakhis, Lev B2652470.1% #6130.09
24 Hübner, Robert2649490.1% #6440.15
25 Agdestein, Simen2649510.1% #6621.63
26 Gavrikov, Victor N264449 #6931.42
27 Spassky, Boris V2643490.1% #7051.91
28 Nunn, John D M264348 #7033.68
29 Khalifman, Alexander264249 #7122.95
30 Polugaevsky, Lev A2641500.1% #7354.11
31 Eingorn, Viacheslav S264049 #7332.10
32 Nikolic, Predrag263948 #7328.30
33 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir263847 #7438.16
34 Dolmatov, Sergey V263649 #7729.86
35 Seirawan, Yasser263649 #7828.77
36 Dreev, Alexey263550 #7919.94
37 Gulko, Boris F263448 #7941.89
38 Hjartarson, Jóhann262948 #8425.90
39 Vyzmanavin, Alexey262853 #8928.99
40 Georgiev, Kiril262749 #8623.09
41 Dautov, Rustem262654 #9123.09
42 Dokhoian, Yury262650 #8824.18
43 Sokolov, Andrey Y262648 #8825.78
44 Torre, Eugenio262550 #9037.16
45 Malaniuk, Vladimir P262448 #9031.44
46 Dvoiris, Semen I262455 #9330.16
47 Larsen, Bent262150 #9453.82
48 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E262152 #9538.89
49 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y262054 #9931.94
50 Sax, Gyula261949 #9637.54
51 Azmaiparashvili, Zurab A261952 #9728.79
52 Smagin, Sergey261949 #9630.31
53 Hort, Vlastimil261949 #9644.96
54 Romanishin, Oleg M261848 #9536.97
55 Yurtaev, Leonid261752 #10029.66
56 Razuvaev, Yury S261651 #10143.22
57 Balashov, Yury S261449 #10139.80
58 Smyslov, Vassily V261051 #10667.77
59 Naumkin, Igor260853 #11023.39
60 Dorfman, Iosif D260850 #10936.66
61 Pigusov, Evgeny260651 #11227.75
62 Lerner, Konstantin Z260251 #11638.84
63 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V260251 #11644.27
64 Bareev, Evgeny259950 #11822.11
65 Nogueiras, Jesus259948 #11829.45
66 Aseev, Konstantin N259653 #12328.20
67 Ubilava, Elizbar E259655 #12538.34
68 Smirin, Ilia259351 #12620.94
69 Chandler, Murray G259248 #12528.74
70 Kharitonov, Andrey Y259249 #12529.74
71 Oll, Lembit259251 #12722.69
72 Kupreichik, Viktor D259150 #12739.49
73 Anand, Viswanathan259051 #12919.05
74 Panchenko, Alexander N258754 #13635.24
75 Krasenkow, Michal258654 #13525.13
76 Timoshchenko, Gennady258551 #13339.68
77 Rozentalis, Eduardas258451 #13625.59
78 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N258452 #13542.70
79 Murey, Yakov258352 #13747.41
80 Christiansen, Larry M258349 #13432.51
81 Benjamin, Joel L258150 #13724.80
82 Neverov, Valery258053 #14024.53
83 Dlugy, Maxim258050 #13922.92
84 Ulibin, Mikhail258054 #14217.58
85 Kholmov, Ratmir D258052 #14063.63
86 Giorgadze, Giorgi258057 #14424.22
87 van der Wiel, John T H258048 #13829.39
88 Gorelov, Sergey G257959 #14531.37
89 Savchenko, Stanislav257956 #14421.94
90 Pintér, József257851 #14135.14
91 Podgaets, Mikhail Y257867 #15241.44
92 Miles, Anthony J257749 #14133.69
93 Goldin, Alexander257751 #14323.84
94 Lobron, Eric257649 #14228.65
95 Kruppa, Yuri257555 #14724.53
96 Kuzmin, Gennady P257555 #14642.94
97 Kaidanov, Gregory S257551 #14429.22
98 Huzman, Alexander257552 #14626.72
99 Chekhov, Valery A257550 #14433.09
100 Arkhipov, Sergey257456 #14834.52
101 Vaisser, Anatoli257452 39.82
102 Kovalev, Andrei257459 27.15
103 Yermolinsky, Alex V257352 30.72
104 Sosonko, Gennadi257351 45.62
105 Kavalek, Lubomir257258 45.39
106 Ionov, Sergey257158 26.98
107 Adorján, András257050 38.75
108 Ftácnik, Lubomír257049 31.17
109 Karlsson, Lars257050 33.47
110 Kudrin, Sergey256950 29.32
111 Epishin, Vladimir256853 23.47
112 Hansen, Curt256849 24.29
113 Greenfeld, Alon256752 24.70
114 Didishko, Vereslav256567 39.72
115 Darga, Klaus V256368 54.85
116 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y256254 44.65
117 Hellers, Ferdinand256251 19.92
118 Kochiev, Alexander256155 32.77
119 Glek, Igor V256055 27.15
120 Rogers, Ian256049 28.52
121 Vasiukov, Evgeny A256055 55.82
122 Hulak, Krunoslav255951 37.60
123 Makarichev, Sergey Y255855 35.12
124 Popovic, Petar255850 29.88
125 Todorcevic, Miodrag255854 48.14
126 Sorokin, Maxim255758 20.94
127 Fedorowicz, John P255750 30.26
128 Franco Ocampos, Zenon255758 32.63
129 Sokolov, Ivan255751 20.55
130 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B255550 34.12
131 Novikov, Igor A255450 26.61
132 Janjgava, Lasha255351 18.65
133 Arnason, Jon L255250 28.13
134 Soppe, Guillermo255165 28.29
135 Kurajica, Bojan255062 41.13
136 Shereshevsky, Mikhail I255071 38.69
137 Taimanov, Mark E255067 62.90
138 Uhlmann, Wolfgang255051 53.76
139 deFirmian, Nicholas E254951 31.43
140 Quinteros, Miguel A254958 41.01
141 Kveinys, Aloyzas254861 26.48
142 Gaprindashvili, Nona254858 47.66
143 Spraggett, Kevin B254754 34.14
144 Kuzmin, Alexey254758 25.81
145 Shneider, Aleksandr254756 26.61
146 Zaichik, Gennady L254751 31.89
147 Shabanov, Yury F254762 51.14
148 Najdorf, Miguel254764 78.71
149 Liberzon, Vladimir M254664 51.77
150 Browne, Walter S254552 39.97
151 Olafsson, Helgi254549 32.38
152 Pétursson, Margeir254449 28.88
153 Morovic Fernández, Iván E254456 25.77
154 Ivanov, Alexander V254364 32.66
155 Barua, Dibyendu254355 22.18
156 Smejkal, Jan254351 42.77
157 Yakovich, Yuri254255 26.09
158 Suba, Mihai254251 41.58
159 Lanka, Zigurds254259 28.61
160 Geller, Efim P254151 63.83
161 Kindermann, Stefan254148 29.01
162 Mokrý, Karel254151 29.90
163 Csom, István254052 48.58
164 Adianto, Utut253960 23.79
165 Groszpeter, Attila253851 28.56
166 Hodgson, Julian M253850 25.43
167 Ivanovic, Božidar253851 42.35
168 Chiburdanidze, Maia G253752 27.95
169 Cebalo, Mišo253751 43.90
170 Pfleger, Helmut253657 45.40
171 Panno, Oscar R253656 53.79
172 Mestel, A Jonathan253654 31.80
173 Moskalenko, Viktor253554 28.07
174 Petrienko, Vladimir253569 33.81
175 Kiselev, Sergey253457 27.30
176 Lalic, Bogdan253452 24.81
177 Gipslis, Aivars253356 51.90
178 Bagirov, Vladimir K253255 52.37
179 Bjelajac, Milan253269 40.80
180 Kengis, Edvins253155 29.72
181 Reshevsky, Samuel H253064 77.10
182 Velimirovic, Dragoljub252951 46.63
183 Watson, William N252949 26.70
184 Rodriguez, Amador252950 32.31
185 Knaak, Rainer F252950 35.79
186 Veingold, Aleksander252865 35.22
187 Marjanovic, Slavoljub252750 33.98
188 Shirov, Alexei252659 16.49
189 Gruenfeld, Yehuda252653 32.84
190 Schussler, Harry252653 31.52
191 Ekstroem, Roland252558 32.61
192 Bönsch, Uwe252549 30.21
193 Gheorghiu, Florin252551 44.73
194 Gligoric, Svetozar252555 65.91
195 Cvitan, Ognjen252450 27.22
196 Rohde, Michael A252451 29.35
197 Sahovic, Dragutin252361 48.40
198 Savon, Vladimir A252260 48.26
199 Kalinitschew, Sergey252264 32.91
200 Faragó, Iván252249 42.75
201 Wedberg, Tom252151 35.10
202 Dizdar, Goran252151 30.07
203 Antunes, Antonio252161 26.90
204 Mirkovic, Slobodan252069 30.43
205 Kovacevic, Vladimir252053 46.76
206 Byrne, Robert E252061 60.70
207 Bikhovsky, Avigdor I252072 33.82
208 Bischoff, Klaus251850 27.56
209 Vogt, Lothar H251750 36.95
210 King, Daniel J251751 25.34
211 Cifuentes Parada, Roberto251654 31.03
212 Simic, Radoslav251657 40.56
213 London, Dimitri251674 26.11
214 Bronstein, David I251561 64.87
215 Adams, Michael251555 17.12
216 Govedarica, Radovan251567 40.88
217 Murshed, Niaz251559 22.63
218 Donchev, Dimitar I251556 30.44
219 García Gonzáles, Guillermo251451 35.06
220 Frias, Victor J251456 32.89
221 Graf, Alexander251354 26.35
222 Palatnik, Semen A251355 38.76
223 Mochalov, Evgeny V251367 37.17
224 Nikolac, Juraj251259 56.69
225 Barbero, Gerardo F251152 27.36
226 Illescas Cordoba, Miguel251153 23.08
227 Kantsler, Boris251159 26.71
228 Xu Jun251154 26.29
229 Seret, Jean Luc251066
230 Klaric, Zlatko250962 32.19
231 Cámpora, Daniel H250951 31.50
232 Plaskett, Jim250952 28.79
233 Lukin, Andrei M250857 40.34
234 Andrianov, Nikolai250871 27.03
235 Vitolinš, Alvis250761 42.54
236 Hickl, Joerg250750 23.71
237 Kozlov, V.250761
238 Timoshenko, Georgy250669 22.58
239 Ruban, Vadim250657 24.55
240 Flear, Glenn C250550 29.88
241 Sunye Neto, Jaime250557 31.66
242 Petrosian, Arshak B250452 35.04
243 Inkiov, Ventzislav250450 32.62
244 Tischbierek, Raj250352 26.27
245 Orlov, Georgi250367
246 Stoica, Valentin250261 38.88
247 Legky, Nikolay A250263 33.72
248 Garcia Palermo, Carlos250151 35.08
249 Lau, Ralf250149 29.20
250 Zapata, Alonso250150 30.36
251 Ivanov, Igor V250154 41.97
252 Espig, Lutz250156 39.98
253 Jansa, Vlastimil250050 46.09
254 Marin, Mihail250054 23.69
255 Guseinov, Aidyn250056 36.99
256 Alburt, Lev O250053 43.36
257 Rajkovic, Dusan249954 46.54
258 Magerramov, Elmar S249954 30.72
259 Foisor, Ovidiu249852 29.73
260 Ye Jiangchuan249859 28.11
261 Anastasian, Ashot249857 24.46
262 Zagrebelny, Sergey249863
263 Stohl, Igor249752 24.26
264 Akopian, Vladimir249753 17.07
265 Lein, Anatoly249754 57.76
266 Ostermeyer, Peter249663 45.22
267 Mainka, Romuald249656 25.63
268 Rivas Pastor, Manuel249655 28.47
269 Hazai, Laszlo249652 35.55
270 Unzicker, Wolfgang249658 63.51
271 Fokin, Sergey249662 33.21
272 Meyer, E.249674
273 Kishnev, Sergey249565 32.16
274 Karpman, Vadim249559 23.63
275 Renet, Olivier249551 24.03
276 Ermenkov, Evgenij249552 39.26
277 Reyes, Juan249567 25.68
278 Gufeld, Eduard E249557 52.78
279 Damljanovic, Branko249451 27.54
280 Horvath, Jozsef249451 24.38
281 Van der Sterren, Paul249450 32.79
282 Nemet, Ivan249260 45.71
283 Gomez Baillo, Jorge H249263 29.70
284 Loginov, Valery A249256 33.05
285 Tringov, Georgy P249258 51.82
286 Abramovic, Boško249251 37.88
287 Sideif Sade, Fikret I249159 36.99
288 Meister, Yakov249163 33.30
289 Antoshin, Vladimir S249176 59.63
290 Barlov, Dragan249150 31.91
291 Vera, Reynaldo249154 27.98
292 Wilder, Michael249051 26.29
293 Hebden, Mark249052 30.88
294 Akhmilovskaya, Elena249070
295 Mohr, Stefan248952 21.19
296 Kurtenkov, Atanas248973 25.41
297 Basin, Leonid248955 31.11
298 Ree, Hans248958 44.29
299 Gutman, Lev248951 43.26
300 Ninov, Kiril248853 20.23
301 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich248854 32.97
302 Li Zunian248870 30.97
303 Sznapik, Aleksander248852 37.89
304 Velikov, Petar248753 37.75
305 Nijboer, Friso248658 23.60
306 Georgadze, Tamaz V248661 41.14
307 Polgar, Zsuzsa248651 19.70
308 Granda Zuńiga, Julio E248650 21.85
309 Davies, Nigel R248550 28.42
310 Rukavina, Josip248560 46.09
311 Popchev, Milko248552 24.14
312 Ornstein, Axel248560 36.69
313 Hecht, Hans-Joachim248462 49.92
314 Matulovic, Milan248456 53.56
315 Lukov, Valentin248456 33.05
316 Milos, Gilberto248454 25.17
317 Khenkin, Igor248360 20.78
318 Joksic, Sinisa248373 48.22
319 Ye Rongguang248364 25.24
320 Eslon, Jaan248373 36.82
321 Georgiev, Krum248352 30.60
322 Okhotnik, Vladimir248258 38.84
323 Marangunic, Srdjan248263 45.17
324 Malisauskas, Vidmantas248256 25.41
325 Ionescu, Constantin248254 30.30
326 Drasko, Milan248150 26.07
327 Skembris, Spyridon248156 30.86
328 Pekarek, Ales248152 27.04
329 Wahls, Matthias248152 20.92
330 Gabdrakhmanov, Rafail247975 29.57
331 Howell, James C247958 21.62
332 Rubinetti, Jorge A247861 43.75
333 Tisdall, Jonathan D247752 30.35
334 Mortensen, Erling247754 33.74
335 Ernst, Thomas247751 28.37
336 Shamkovich, Leonid A247760 65.58
337 Tseitlin, Mikhail S247659 41.54
338 Lukacs, Peter247649 38.48
339 Motwani, Paul247656 26.55
340 Petkevich, Jusefs247664 48.03
341 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz247650 45.72
342 Filipovic, Branko247559 31.23
343 Piket, Jeroen247550 19.92
344 Efimov, Igor247463 28.29
345 Lombardy, William J247466 51.07
346 Renman, Nils Gustaf247463
347 Belov, Igor247470
348 Valkesalmi, Kimmo247455 27.66
349 Yrjola, Jouni247351 29.19
350 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes247357 45.49
351 Ivkov, Borislav247356 55.13
352 Schneider, Lars Ake247358
353 Řgaard, Leif247265 36.98
354 Serper, Grigory247253 19.30
355 Fernandez Garcia, Jose Luis247162 34.66
356 Ghinda, Mihail Viorel247155 39.43
357 Dueball, Juergen247171 43.76
358 Lechtynsky, Jiri247153 41.10
359 Klundt, Klaus247160 47.02
360 Wolf, Volker247163 31.32
361 Padevsky, Nikola B247068 55.59
362 Andres Mendez, Miguel247066
363 Hertneck, Gerald247052 25.29
364 Szekely, Peter247057 33.90
365 Zilberstein, Valery I247066 45.72
366 Meduna, Eduard247050 38.30
367 Verduga, Denis Homero246960
368 Ambroz, Jan246868 34.54
369 Polasek, Jaroslav246863 31.75
370 Nikolic, Zivoslav246854 35.05
371 Rechlis, Gad246854 21.90
372 Kotronias, Vasilios246852 24.35
373 McKay, Roderick M246772 36.89
374 Kouatly, Bachar246750 30.83
375 Zaitsev, Igor A246766 50.59
376 Kosten, Anthony C246750 30.44
377 Pytel, Krzysztof246673 43.63
378 Atalik, Suat246667 24.22
379 Hansen, Lars Bo246652 20.27
380 Vokác, Marek246652 30.07
381 Raicevic, Momcilo246663
382 Kogan, Boris246563
383 Dizdarevic, Emir246553 30.75
384 Sadler, Matthew246562 14.63
385 Staniszewski, Piotr246553 22.32
386 Lin Ta246563 25.92
387 Rogulj, Branko246564 37.41
388 Kraidman, Yair246475 56.16
389 Portisch, Ferenc246467 49.73
390 Arkell, Keith C246456 27.97
391 Braga, Fernando246455 30.48
392 Pedersen, Erik246471 30.30
393 Reefschlaeger, Helmut246462 44.73
394 Schlosser, Philipp246468 20.37
395 Levitt, Jonathan246351 25.58
396 Mascarinas, Rico246365 35.83
397 Gruenenwald, Joerg246361 23.57
398 Nun, Jiri246257 31.43
399 Plachetka, Jan246250 43.87
400 Keitlinghaus, Ludger246256 23.44
401 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I246160 55.13
402 Schoenthier, Frank246175 30.12
403 Haba, Petr246155 23.98
404 Knezevic, Milorad246154 52.17
405 Kallai, Gabor246059 29.86
406 Winants, Luc246051 25.99
407 Shabalov, Alexander246052 21.30
408 Piasetski, Leon David246067
409 Zysk, Robert245956 22.66
410 Gavrilov, Alexei245976 18.48
411 Ioseliani, Nana245956 26.88
412 Sigurjónsson, Gudmundur245863 41.27
413 Ryskin, Alexander245766 25.96
414 Maksimovic, Branimir245757 33.37
415 Radulov, Ivan245756 49.98
416 Martinovic, Slobodan245758 43.43
417 Hawelko, Marek245752 29.39
418 Levin, Felix245764 30.15
419 Mednis, Edmar J245756 51.77
420 Yap, Andronico245768
421 Sher, Miron N245672 36.51
422 Ostojic, Predrag245665 50.86
423 Rachels, Stuart245662 19.26
424 Zhuravliov, Valerij245669 50.05
425 Kirov Ivanov, Nino245656 43.31
426 Tempone, Marcelo245560 26.32
427 Conquest, Stuart245450 21.83
428 Djuric, Stefan245453 33.43
429 Ardiansyah, Haji245463 37.07
430 Negulescu, Adrian245457 27.56
431 Klinger, Josef245350 21.57
432 Cabrilo, Goran245254 30.50
433 Khasin, Alexander245258 37.67
434 Veinger, Itzhak245264 50.49
435 Kamsky, Gata245261 14.58
436 Barbulescu, Dan245160 24.52
437 Popov, Luben245162 52.92
438 Tolnai, Tibor245152 24.27
439 Semeniuk, Alexander A245163 36.31
440 Blatny, Pavel245051 20.52
441 Sherzer, Alex245056 17.91
442 Garcia, Gildardo245055 34.81
443 Prandstetter, Eduard244952 40.04
444 Makropoulos, Georgios244964 35.26
445 Karasev, Vladimir I244969 50.54
446 Litvinov, Vladimir244967 47.46
447 Zelcic, Robert244973 23.28
448 Gurevich, Vladimir244976 29.41
449 Kolev, Atanas244863 21.46
450 Ciric, Dragoljub M244872 53.13
451 Pribyl, Josef244753 41.22
452 Cramling, Dan244762 29.90
453 Gurevich, Dmitry244751 32.30
454 Cvetkovic, Srdjan244655 42.84
455 Toshkov, Tihomir244657 29.11
456 Hoi, Carsten244550 31.95
457 Birnboim, Nathan244555 38.09
458 Trapl, Jindrich244469 46.77
459 Neckar, Lubomir244463 38.41
460 Rakic, Tomislav244362 54.14
461 Ochoa de Echaguen, F Javier244364 34.32
462 Gauglitz, Gernot244357 26.51
463 Spassov, Liuben244361 45.77
464 Gostisa, Leon244363 27.75
465 Thorsteins, Karl244252 24.22
466 Saltaev, Mihail244267 26.12
467 Wolff, Patrick G244254 20.88
468 Solozhenkin, Evgeniy244268 22.42
469 Lalev, Dimitar244161 28.95
470 Spiridonov, Nikola244156 50.84
471 Thorhallsson, Throstur244158 19.78
472 Piesina, Gintautas244163 36.73
473 Imanaliev, Taalaibek244073
474 Bellin, Robert244065 36.50
475 Semkov, Semko243953 28.84
476 Bonin, Jay R243963 33.48
477 Piskov, Yury243960 27.22
478 Norwood, David243855 20.24
479 Romero Holmes, Alfonso243867 23.59
480 Magomedov, Magaram243867 22.61
481 Lanc, Alois243852 40.87
482 Antonio, Rogelio Jr243766 26.87
483 Bilek, István243771 56.39
484 Grivas, Efstratios243762 22.75
485 Graf, Juergen243760 25.75
486 Leski, Marc243775 27.52
487 Kuijf, Marinus243753 28.88
488 Petran, Pal243657 42.29
489 Wang Zili243662 20.55
490 Nowak, Ignacy243662 39.96
491 Benko, Pal C243662 60.46
492 Potts, Alan243676
493 Orso, Miklos243569 32.56
494 Lima, Darcy243566 26.61
495 Schmittdiel, Eckhard243554 28.63
496 Hug, Werner243560 36.31
497 Horváth, Csaba243553 20.57
498 Liang Jinrong243469 28.61
499 Tatai, Stefano243453 50.77
500 Meister, Peter243463 22.52

These ratings, calculated as of December 31, 1988, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 1988, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of December 31, 1987. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of December 31, 1988. This represents the player's estimated strength on January 1, 1989.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on January 1, 1989. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on January 1, 1989 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on January 1, 1989. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on December 31, 1988. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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