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Top 10 active players as of December 31, 1990


Top 500 active players as of December 31, 1990

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Kasparov, Garry K28334961.4% #227.72
2 Karpov, Anatoly E28004827.1% #339.61
3 Ivanchuk, Vassily2741493.9% #1121.79
4 Gelfand, Boris2733492.9% #1322.52
5 Salov, Valery B2701510.8% #2726.60
6 Yudasin, Leonid G2699490.7% #2731.40
7 Bareev, Evgeny2695490.5% #2924.11
8 Beliavsky, Alexander G2693480.4% #3037.04
9 Gurevich, Mikhail N2682490.3% #3731.86
10 Short, Nigel D2681470.2% #3825.58
11 Korchnoi, Viktor L2680470.2% #3859.77
12 Timman, Jan H2676480.2% #4139.05
13 Khalifman, Alexander2669480.1% #4724.95
14 Andersson, Ulf2667480.1% #4939.51
15 Dolmatov, Sergey V2664490.1% #5131.86
16 Ehlvest, Jaan2664490.1% #5228.21
17 Lputian, Smbat G2658500.1% #5732.88
18 Dautov, Rustem2657520.1% #6025.09
19 Dreev, Alexey2655490.1% #6021.94
20 Polugaevsky, Lev A265550 #6056.11
21 Hübner, Robert265349 #6242.15
22 Vyzmanavin, Alexey265150 #6430.99
23 Gavrikov, Victor N2651500.1% #6433.42
24 Seirawan, Yasser264847 #6530.77
25 Jussupow, Artur M264749 #6730.88
26 Chernin, Alexander M264648 #6730.82
27 Nikolic, Predrag264548 #6930.30
28 Speelman, Jonathan S264548 #6934.25
29 Nunn, John D M264249 #7335.68
30 Balashov, Yury S264049 #7441.80
31 Epishin, Vladimir263649 #8025.47
32 Yurtaev, Leonid263553 #8331.66
33 Portisch, Lajos263449 #8053.74
34 Anand, Viswanathan263349 #8221.05
35 Vaganian, Rafael A263248 #8339.21
36 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y262950 #8833.94
37 Tiviakov, Sergei262855 #9117.88
38 Tal, Mikhail262549 #9154.14
39 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y262551 #9346.65
40 Azmaiparashvili, Zurab A262349 #9330.79
41 Razuvaev, Yury S262350 #9545.22
42 Kamsky, Gata262350 #9516.58
43 Ribli, Zoltán262249 #9539.32
44 Georgiev, Kiril262149 #9525.09
45 Sax, Gyula262148 #9539.54
46 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir261949 #9840.16
47 Shirov, Alexei261849 #9918.49
48 Agdestein, Simen261851 #10123.63
49 Eingorn, Viacheslav S261649 #10134.10
50 Miles, Anthony J261648 #10135.69
51 Sokolov, Andrey Y261449 #10427.78
52 Romanishin, Oleg M261349 #10538.97
53 Dorfman, Iosif D261151 #10838.66
54 Rozentalis, Eduardas261150 #10927.59
55 Kramnik, Vladimir261060 #11715.52
56 Chandler, Murray G260948 #10830.74
57 Adams, Michael260848 #11019.12
58 Hjartarson, Jóhann260848 #11127.90
59 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E260753 #11540.89
60 Oll, Lembit260050 #12024.69
61 Glek, Igor V260053 #12329.15
62 Ftácnik, Lubomír259948 #12133.17
63 Goldin, Alexander259851 #12325.84
64 deFirmian, Nicholas E259748 #12433.43
65 Yakovich, Yuri259652 #12728.09
66 Kruppa, Yuri259656 #12926.53
67 Neverov, Valery259552 #12826.53
68 Aseev, Konstantin N259551 #12830.20
69 Yermolinsky, Alex V259557 #13232.72
70 Pigusov, Evgeny259353 #13029.75
71 Gulko, Boris F259248 #12843.89
72 Sturua, Zurab259266 #14231.56
73 Dvoiris, Semen I259151 #13232.16
74 Akopian, Vladimir259050 #13219.07
75 Pintér, József259054 #13637.14
76 Larsen, Bent258949 #13255.82
77 Psakhis, Lev B258948 #13332.09
78 Dokhoian, Yury258850 #13526.18
79 Hansen, Curt258750 #13526.29
80 Kurajica, Bojan258660 #14443.13
81 Ionov, Sergey258564 #14828.98
82 Kengis, Edvins258452 #14031.72
83 Christiansen, Larry M258450 #13934.51
84 Timoshchenko, Gennady258351 #14141.68
85 Smagin, Sergey258349 #13932.31
86 Olafsson, Helgi258249 #14034.38
87 Kuzmin, Gennady P258153 #14444.94
88 Sokolov, Ivan258050 #14222.55
89 Kharitonov, Andrey Y258052 #14431.74
90 Kovalev, Andrei257854 #14729.15
91 Minasian, Artashes257853 #14723.94
92 Suba, Mihai257851 #14643.58
93 Makarichev, Sergey Y257752 #14737.12
94 Kožul, Zdenko257749 #14624.61
95 Benjamin, Joel L257649 #14626.80
96 Lerner, Konstantin Z257550 #14940.84
97 Smirin, Ilia257449 #14922.94
98 Cherepkov, Alexander V257473 #16470.17
99 Geller, Efim P257451 #15165.83
100 Tukmakov, Vladimir B257249 #15044.79
101 Todorcevic, Miodrag257150 50.14
102 Alburt, Lev O257052 45.36
103 Vasiukov, Evgeny A257051 57.82
104 Kalinitschew, Sergey257065 34.91
105 Novikov, Igor A257050 28.61
106 Dlugy, Maxim256950 24.92
107 Lobron, Eric256949 30.65
108 Naumkin, Igor256952 25.39
109 Krasenkow, Michal256850 27.13
110 Pétursson, Margeir256748 30.88
111 Malaniuk, Vladimir P256749 33.44
112 Shneider, Aleksandr256654 28.61
113 Vaulin, Alexander256663 33.79
114 Xie Jun256667 20.17
115 Spassky, Boris V256550 53.91
116 Kuzmin, Alexey256556 27.81
117 Barua, Dibyendu256457 24.18
118 Ulibin, Mikhail256450 19.58
119 van der Wiel, John T H256448 31.39
120 Fedorowicz, John P256449 32.26
121 Morovic Fernández, Iván E256354 27.77
122 Smyslov, Vassily V256350 69.77
123 Kaidanov, Gregory S256352 31.22
124 Nogueiras, Jesus256150 31.45
125 Wahls, Matthias256149 22.92
126 Chekhov, Valery A256150 35.09
127 Mestel, A Jonathan256155 33.80
128 Gorelov, Sergey G256067 33.37
129 Averkin, Orest N256073 46.85
130 Smejkal, Jan255950 44.77
131 Hulak, Krunoslav255951 39.60
132 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N255852 44.70
133 Magerramov, Elmar S255854 32.72
134 Giorgadze, Giorgi255855 26.22
135 Orlov, Georgi255757
136 Damljanovic, Branko255749 29.54
137 Ubilava, Elizbar E255653 40.34
138 Hort, Vlastimil255649 46.96
139 Cvitan, Ognjen255550 29.22
140 Quinteros, Miguel A255557 43.01
141 Torre, Eugenio255452 39.16
142 Mokrý, Karel255352 31.90
143 Kholmov, Ratmir D255351 65.63
144 Kavalek, Lubomir255364 47.39
145 Panchenko, Alexander N255353 37.24
146 Greenfeld, Alon255254 26.70
147 Khenkin, Igor255252 22.78
148 Komarov, Dimitri255264 22.08
149 Ziatdinov, Raset255261 32.01
150 Kudrin, Sergey255252 31.32
151 Donchev, Dimitar I255259 32.44
152 Hodgson, Julian M255148 27.43
153 Lanka, Zigurds255054 30.61
154 Baburin, Alexander255063 23.87
155 Shabanov, Yury F255058 53.14
156 Huzman, Alexander255055 28.72
157 Soppe, Guillermo255058 30.29
158 Taimanov, Mark E254959 64.90
159 Sosonko, Gennadi254855 47.62
160 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V254850 46.27
161 Ivanov, Alexander V254851 34.66
162 Knaak, Rainer F254850 37.79
163 Zagrebelny, Sergey254865
164 Zhuravliov, Valerij254663 52.05
165 Uhlmann, Wolfgang254650 55.76
166 Sorokin, Maxim254655 22.94
167 Vaisser, Anatoli254551 41.82
168 Adorján, András254550 40.75
169 Piket, Jeroen254548 21.92
170 Malisauskas, Vidmantas254455 27.41
171 Kveinys, Aloyzas254455 28.48
172 Janjgava, Lasha254453 20.65
173 Lautier, Joel254349 17.72
174 Najdorf, Miguel254271 80.71
175 Rodriguez, Amador254251 34.31
176 Ruban, Vadim254252 26.55
177 Sherbakov, Ruslan254259 21.30
178 Duer, Arne254264 31.47
179 Ye Rongguang254155 27.24
180 Zapata, Alonso254150 32.36
181 Lalic, Bogdan254150 26.81
182 Arnason, Jon L254050 30.13
183 Spraggett, Kevin B254049 36.14
184 Kindermann, Stefan254048 31.01
185 Mnatsakanian, Eduard A254074 52.07
186 Rohde, Michael A254053 31.35
187 Popovic, Petar253950 31.88
188 Fominyh, Alexander253957 31.54
189 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B253951 36.12
190 Milos, Gilberto253953 27.17
191 Hellers, Ferdinand253949 21.92
192 King, Daniel J253948 27.34
193 Bikhovsky, Avigdor I253857 35.82
194 Kovacevic, Vladimir253851 48.76
195 Ivanovic, Božidar253750 44.35
196 Rogers, Ian253749 30.52
197 Browne, Walter S253751 41.97
198 Kuporosov, Viktor253759 29.26
199 Petrienko, Vladimir253764 35.81
200 Veingold, Aleksander253664 37.22
201 Brodsky, Michail253661 21.76
202 Bönsch, Uwe253550 32.21
203 Illescas Cordoba, Miguel253449 25.08
204 Arbakov, Valentin253457 38.92
205 Zezulkin, Jurij253368 19.37
206 Bagirov, Vladimir K253252 54.37
207 Machulsky, Anatoly D253259 34.27
208 Panchenko, Alexandar G253265 29.73
209 Cebalo, Mišo253251 45.90
210 Kozlov, V.253069
211 Ye Jiangchuan253059 30.11
212 Savon, Vladimir A252854 50.26
213 Frias, Victor J252855 34.89
214 Magomedov, Magaram252857 24.61
215 Stohl, Igor252849 26.26
216 Meister, Yakov252857 35.30
217 Rechlis, Gad252753 23.90
218 Arkhipov, Sergey252756 36.52
219 Velimirovic, Dragoljub252752 48.63
220 Kupreichik, Viktor D252651 41.49
221 Darga, Klaus V252671 56.85
222 Kochiev, Alexander252653 34.77
223 Gofshtein, Leonid D252673 37.69
224 Sher, Miron N252553 38.51
225 Shabalov, Alexander252552 23.30
226 Polgar, Zsuzsa252549 21.70
227 Barbero, Gerardo F252452 29.36
228 Rachels, Stuart252457 21.26
229 Frolov, Artur252457 20.42
230 Anastasian, Ashot252354 26.46
231 Chudinovskih, Alexander252370 23.80
232 Tischbierek, Raj252251 28.27
233 Chiburdanidze, Maia G252251 29.95
234 Anikaev, Yury252265 42.51
235 Tseitlin, Mikhail S252152 43.54
236 Belov, Igor252158
237 Panno, Oscar R252153 55.79
238 Tseitlin, Mark D252164 47.27
239 Serper, Grigory252054 21.30
240 Palac, Mladen252054 19.87
241 Liberzon, Vladimir M252065 53.77
242 Simic, Radoslav252056 42.56
243 Wolff, Patrick G251951 22.88
244 Pfleger, Helmut251958 47.40
245 Khmelnitsky, Igor N251964 22.36
246 Gheorghiu, Florin251851 46.73
247 Gonzalez, JA.251871
248 Hansen, Lars Bo251849 22.27
249 Vorotnikov, Vladislav V251766 43.37
250 Wojtkiewicz, Aleksander251749 27.95
251 Granda Zuńiga, Julio E251751 23.85
252 Lutz, Christopher251652 19.85
253 Lau, Ralf251650 31.20
254 Bass, Leonid251557 33.59
255 Wilder, Michael251554 28.29
256 Horvath, Jozsef251550 26.38
257 Hertneck, Gerald251552 27.29
258 Kishnev, Sergey251463 34.16
259 Csom, István251451 50.58
260 Georgadze, Tamaz V251464 43.14
261 Henley, Ron W251368 34.07
262 Gufeld, Eduard E251360 54.78
263 Gurevich, Vladimir251260 31.41
264 Gipslis, Aivars251259 53.90
265 Yuneev, Alexey251257
266 London, Dimitri251273 28.11
267 Dizdar, Goran251251 32.07
268 Cámpora, Daniel H251251 33.50
269 Manca, Federico251159 21.65
270 Ikonnikov, Vyacheslav251157 24.79
271 Vitolinš, Alvis251162 44.54
272 Bischoff, Klaus251049 29.56
273 Matulovic, Milan251058 55.56
274 Ivanov, Igor V250953 43.97
275 Karpman, Vadim250956 25.63
276 Kotronias, Vasilios250850 26.35
277 Timoshenko, Georgy250851 24.58
278 Marin, Mihail250853 25.69
279 Filipenko, Alexander V250869 41.82
280 Savchenko, Stanislav250857 23.94
281 Wang Zili250761 22.55
282 Watson, William N250750 28.70
283 Pekarek, Ales250655 29.04
284 Tolnai, Tibor250549 26.27
285 Plaskett, Jim250554 30.79
286 Lukin, Andrei M250455 42.34
287 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes250455 47.49
288 Govedarica, Radovan250471 42.88
289 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich250351 34.97
290 Gaprindashvili, Nona250356 49.66
291 Faragó, Iván250350 44.75
292 Karlsson, Lars250352 35.47
293 Kiselev, Sergey250354 29.30
294 Mochalov, Evgeny V250370 39.17
295 Rausis, Igors250256 29.73
296 Xu Jun250258 28.29
297 Graf, Alexander250162 28.35
298 Djuric, Stefan250151 35.43
299 Ghinda, Mihail Viorel250057 41.43
300 Petrosian, Arshak B250051 37.04
301 Yrjola, Jouni250052 31.19
302 Moskalenko, Viktor250050 30.07
303 Cramling, Pia250050 27.69
304 Beim, Valery249964 40.79
305 Franco Ocampos, Zenon249952 34.63
306 Guseinov, Aidyn249968 38.99
307 Loginov, Valery A249857 35.05
308 Marjanovic, Slavoljub249852 35.98
309 García Gonzáles, Guillermo249854 37.06
310 Meshkov, Yuri A249769 40.95
311 Hickl, Joerg249750 25.71
312 Vukic, Milan249756 47.37
313 Zhidkov, Valery S249760 51.32
314 Hebden, Mark249650 32.88
315 Zaichik, Gennady L249553 33.89
316 Kharlov, Andrei249563 22.11
317 Lima, Darcy249564 28.61
318 Bronstein, David I249554 66.87
319 Mainka, Romuald249451 27.63
320 Barlov, Dragan249450 33.91
321 Inkiov, Ventzislav249450 34.62
322 Gligoric, Svetozar249353 67.91
323 Unzicker, Wolfgang249355 65.51
324 Meduna, Eduard249252 40.30
325 Moroz, Alexander249258 29.95
326 Brunner, Lucas249248 23.59
327 Saltaev, Mihail249269 28.12
328 Cifuentes Parada, Roberto249254 33.03
329 Renet, Olivier249150 26.03
330 Gleizerov, Evgeny249166 27.78
331 Ivkov, Borislav249154 57.13
332 Vehi Bach, Victor Manuel249157
333 Kallai, Gabor249054 31.86
334 Sellos, Didier249065 33.86
335 Van der Sterren, Paul249049 34.79
336 Sunye Neto, Jaime249052 33.66
337 Legky, Nikolay A248957 35.72
338 Varavin, Viktor248964 23.61
339 Klinger, Josef248950 23.57
340 Palatnik, Semen A248856 40.76
341 Nikolac, Juraj248864 58.69
342 Castro Rojas, Oscar Humberto248860 37.65
343 Groszpeter, Attila248750 30.56
344 Kosten, Anthony C248749 32.44
345 Schoenthier, Frank248668 32.12
346 Basin, Leonid248661 33.11
347 Makarov, Marat248656 27.65
348 Sahovic, Dragutin248562 50.40
349 Petkevich, Jusefs248565 50.03
350 Andrianov, Nikolai248462 29.03
351 Lukacs, Peter248450 40.48
352 Strikovic, Aleksa248452 29.63
353 Rytshagov, Mikhail248466 23.13
354 Foisor, Ovidiu248459 31.73
355 Georgiev, Krum248251 32.60
356 Ionescu, Constantin248254 32.30
357 Vogt, Lothar H248250 38.95
358 Howell, James C248252 23.62
359 Hazai, Laszlo248257 37.55
360 Mukhametov, Eldar248261 21.61
361 Lein, Anatoly248254 59.76
362 Rivas Pastor, Manuel248257 30.47
363 Cabrilo, Goran248150 32.50
364 Polgar, Judit248151 14.44
365 Ernst, Thomas248150 30.37
366 Abramovic, Boško248151 39.88
367 Vera, Reynaldo248052 29.98
368 Zlotnik, Boris A248063 44.21
369 Rubinetti, Jorge A248060 45.75
370 Janovsky, Sergey248060 30.87
371 Antunes, Antonio248052 28.90
372 Popchev, Milko247956 26.14
373 Klundt, Klaus247965 49.02
374 Ermenkov, Evgenij247952 41.26
375 Nemet, Ivan247955 47.71
376 Kantsler, Boris247858 28.71
377 Zilberstein, Valery I247872 47.72
378 Reeh, Oliver247852 26.94
379 Kremenetsky, Anatoly M247771 51.96
380 Piskov, Yury247755 29.22
381 Ornstein, Axel247766 38.69
382 Arencibia, Walter247751 23.44
383 Schlosser, Philipp247651 22.37
384 Kolev, Atanas247654 23.46
385 Schmittdiel, Eckhard247649 30.63
386 Schussler, Harry247653 33.52
387 Dizdarevic, Emir247552 32.75
388 Ardiansyah, Haji247564 39.07
389 Kuczynski, Robert247450 24.70
390 Cid, Marino Alejandro247466 32.55
391 Ekstroem, Roland247458 34.61
392 Anic, Darko247458 33.67
393 Thorsteins, Karl247453 26.22
394 Brenninkmeijer, Joris247351 21.30
395 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz247349 47.72
396 Espig, Lutz247353 41.98
397 Dimitrov, Vladimir247255 22.72
398 Mortensen, Erling247251 35.74
399 Gruenfeld, Yehuda247254 34.84
400 Adianto, Utut247260 25.79
401 Murey, Yakov247253 49.41
402 Ree, Hans247254 46.29
403 Reshevsky, Samuel H247265 79.10
404 Ninov, Kiril247155 22.23
405 Kosic, Dragan247157 20.88
406 Rukavina, Josip247162 48.09
407 Haba, Petr247051 25.98
408 Sideif Sade, Fikret I247067 38.99
409 Moiseev, Viktor247073 31.63
410 Tunik, Gennady247060 37.59
411 Gallagher, Joseph G247049 26.66
412 Romero Holmes, Alfonso247052 25.59
413 Spasov, Vasil246953 19.87
414 Ledger, Andrew246961 21.61
415 Hresc, Vladimir246866 39.11
416 Szekely, Peter246854 35.90
417 Dzuban, Oleg I246874
418 Ostenstad, Berge246851 26.29
419 Mednis, Edmar J246853 53.77
420 Norwood, David246853 22.24
421 Knezevic, Milorad246756 54.17
422 Godena, Michele246761 23.50
423 Kozlov, Vladimir N246761 40.58
424 Davies, Nigel R246750 30.42
425 Murshed, Niaz246656 24.63
426 Womacka, Mathias246660 24.51
427 Tempone, Marcelo246558 28.32
428 Mohr, Georg246553 25.91
429 Byrne, Robert E246558 62.70
430 Lin Ta246557 27.92
431 Tringov, Georgy P246559 53.82
432 Root, Douglas246568 27.88
433 Vonthron, Horst246563 27.97
434 Kraidman, Yair246564 58.16
435 Franic, Milan246470 26.51
436 Alterman, Boris246462 20.66
437 Drasko, Milan246452 28.07
438 Winants, Luc246453 27.99
439 Titov, German246462 27.68
440 Khasin, Alexander246464 39.67
441 Okhotnik, Vladimir246359 40.84
442 Ivanov, Sergey246360 29.26
443 Sadler, Matthew246257 16.63
444 Gomez Baillo, Jorge H246255 31.70
445 Reyes, Juan246261 27.68
446 Rajkovic, Dusan246252 48.54
447 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I246268 57.13
448 Galliamova, Alisa246259 18.95
449 Mirkovic, Slobodan246270 32.43
450 Levitt, Jonathan246250 27.58
451 Badea, Bela246163 21.86
452 Blatny, Pavel246150 22.52
453 Nikolenko, Oleg246163 31.53
454 Fokin, Sergey246066 35.21
455 Vallifuoco, Giacomo246075 33.66
456 Vilela, Jose Luis246063 37.78
457 Shmuter, Leonid246067 21.66
458 Fernandez Garcia, Jose Luis245854 36.66
459 Fiorito, Fabian245857 21.16
460 Kuijf, Marinus245850 30.88
461 Kouatly, Bachar245855 32.83
462 Fishbein, Alexander245853 22.65
463 Flear, Glenn C245749 31.88
464 Stangl, Markus245751 21.67
465 Antonio, Rogelio Jr245761 28.87
466 Kirov Ivanov, Nino245654 45.31
467 Ioseliani, Nana245656 28.88
468 Rakic, Tomislav245667 56.14
469 Stanojevic, Branko245672 47.99
470 Maki, Veijo245659 32.07
471 Conquest, Stuart245549 23.83
472 Prandstetter, Eduard245554 42.04
473 Brooks, Michael A245557 29.70
474 Arduman, Can245564
475 Buecker, Peter245465
476 Efimov, Igor245461 30.29
477 Santo Roman, Marc245454 30.30
478 Hector, Jonny245449 26.88
479 Temirbaev, Serik245364
480 Hausner, Ivan245352 38.71
481 Ambroz, Jan245362 36.54
482 Sanna, Gianlazzaro245364 30.72
483 Negulescu, Adrian245369 29.56
484 Bruk, Ofer245257 22.96
485 Jansa, Vlastimil245251 48.09
486 Tabatadze, Tamaz245271 22.75
487 Karasev, Vladimir I245264 52.54
488 Orso, Miklos245262 34.56
489 Pichler, Juergen245160 29.58
490 Hecht, Hans-Joachim245172 51.92
491 Miralles, Gilles245149 24.90
492 Sznapik, Aleksander245150 39.89
493 Magem Badals, Jordi245054 23.35
494 Bellon Lopez, Juan Manuel245052 40.65
495 Schneider, Lars Ake245056
496 Skembris, Spyridon244950 32.86
497 Nijboer, Friso244951 25.60
498 Johansen, Darryl K244858 31.91
499 Mohr, Stefan244850 23.19
500 Gschnitzer, Oswald244854 24.90

These ratings, calculated as of December 31, 1990, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1990, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of December 31, 1989. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of December 31, 1990. This represents the player's estimated strength on January 1, 1991.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on January 1, 1991. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on January 1, 1991 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on January 1, 1991. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on December 31, 1990. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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