< November 30, 1993     Back to date list    January 31, 1994 >

Top 10 active players as of December 31, 1993

  #  

Player Rating +/-
1 Kasparov, Garry K286349
2 Karpov, Anatoly E279147
3 Kramnik, Vladimir274648
4 Anand, Viswanathan274547
5 Shirov, Alexei273547
6 Ivanchuk, Vassily273148
7 Salov, Valery B272549
8 Kamsky, Gata270448
9 Bareev, Evgeny270448
10 Gelfand, Boris270248

About these ratings

Top 500 active players as of December 31, 1993

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Kasparov, Garry K28634978.2% #130.72
2 Karpov, Anatoly E27914712.0% #542.61
3 Kramnik, Vladimir2746482.3% #1318.52
4 Anand, Viswanathan2745472.0% #1324.05
5 Shirov, Alexei2735471.3% #1621.49
6 Ivanchuk, Vassily2731481.1% #1724.79
7 Salov, Valery B2725490.9% #2029.60
8 Kamsky, Gata2704480.3% #3019.58
9 Bareev, Evgeny2704480.3% #3027.11
10 Gelfand, Boris2702480.3% #3025.52
11 Dreev, Alexey2702480.3% #3124.94
12 Beliavsky, Alexander G2694480.2% #3540.04
13 Epishin, Vladimir2687480.1% #4128.47
14 Adams, Michael267747 #4822.12
15 Jussupow, Artur M2677480.1% #4933.88
16 Short, Nigel D267648 #5028.58
17 Nikolic, Predrag2672480.1% #5233.30
18 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir2672490.1% #5443.16
19 Polgar, Judit266547 #5917.44
20 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E265849 #6643.89
21 Fischer, Robert J2658620.2% #7650.81
22 Sokolov, Ivan265648 #6725.55
23 Yudasin, Leonid G265548 #6934.40
24 Tiviakov, Sergei265048 #7420.88
25 Georgiev, Kiril265048 #7428.09
26 Chernin, Alexander M265047 #7333.82
27 Khalifman, Alexander265047 #7427.95
28 Gavrikov, Victor N264951 #7736.42
29 Hübner, Robert264749 #7845.15
30 Vyzmanavin, Alexey264748 #7733.99
31 Kaidanov, Gregory S264650 #7934.22
32 Oll, Lembit264648 #7827.69
33 Korchnoi, Viktor L264547 #7862.77
34 Nunn, John D M264549 #8038.68
35 Vaganian, Rafael A264548 #8042.21
36 Azmaiparashvili, Zurab A264450 #8233.79
37 Dolmatov, Sergey V264448 #8034.86
38 Gurevich, Mikhail N264248 #8334.86
39 Akopian, Vladimir264148 #8322.07
40 Smirin, Ilia263948 #8625.94
41 Dautov, Rustem263856 #9328.09
42 Ehlvest, Jaan263548 #9031.21
43 Psakhis, Lev B263148 #9535.09
44 Timman, Jan H263148 #9542.05
45 Andersson, Ulf263150 #9742.51
46 Speelman, Jonathan S262948 #9937.25
47 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y262652 #10636.94
48 Malaniuk, Vladimir P262548 #10236.44
49 Rozentalis, Eduardas262549 #10330.59
50 Yermolinsky, Alex V262550 #10435.72
51 Gulko, Boris F262448 #10446.89
52 Krasenkow, Michal262348 #10530.13
53 Portisch, Lajos262249 #10756.74
54 Piket, Jeroen261847 #11024.92
55 Seirawan, Yasser261848 #11133.77
56 Lobron, Eric261648 #11333.65
57 Romanishin, Oleg M261548 #11441.97
58 Gorelov, Sergey G261564 #12836.37
59 Greenfeld, Alon261551 #11929.70
60 Illescas Cordoba, Miguel261448 #11528.08
61 Magerramov, Elmar S261452 #11935.72
62 Shabalov, Alexander261450 #11826.30
63 Morovic Fernández, Iván E261353 #12030.77
64 Benjamin, Joel L261249 #11929.80
65 Lputian, Smbat G261149 #12135.88
66 Ribli, Zoltán261149 #12142.32
67 Lautier, Joel261148 #12020.72
68 Shipov, Sergei260853 #12727.70
69 Vaisser, Anatoli260849 #12444.82
70 Miles, Anthony J260749 #12438.69
71 Pigusov, Evgeny260650 #12732.75
72 Novikov, Igor A260551 #12931.61
73 Hertneck, Gerald260550 #12830.29
74 Graf, Alexander260453 #13231.35
75 Cvitan, Ognjen260348 #12932.22
76 Granda Zuńiga, Julio E260249 #13126.85
77 Kengis, Edvins260150 #13234.72
78 Rublevsky, Sergei260152 #13419.21
79 Lerner, Konstantin Z260151 #13443.84
80 Topalov, Veselin260049 #13318.79
81 Alterman, Boris260051 #13523.66
82 Kharlov, Andrei259949 #13425.11
83 Hjartarson, Jóhann259848 #13530.90
84 Goldin, Alexander259649 #13828.84
85 Hodgson, Julian M259447 #13930.43
86 Sturua, Zurab259352 #14234.56
87 Kharitonov, Andrey Y259255 #14634.74
88 Dorfman, Iosif D258950 #14641.66
89 Lutz, Christopher258949 #14622.85
90 Yurtaev, Leonid258857 #15334.66
91 Xie Jun258752 #14923.17
92 Kudrin, Sergey258656 #15434.32
93 Eingorn, Viacheslav S258652 #15237.10
94 Vasiukov, Evgeny A258557 #15560.82
95 Neverov, Valery258451 #15129.53
96 Agdestein, Simen258451 #15126.63
97 Dokhoian, Yury258451 #15129.18
98 Tukmakov, Vladimir B258448 #15047.79
99 Malisauskas, Vidmantas258451 #15230.41
100 Razuvaev, Yury S258449 #15148.22
101 Christiansen, Larry M258448 37.51
102 Makarichev, Sergey Y258358 40.12
103 Aseev, Konstantin N258252 33.20
104 Polugaevsky, Lev A258249 59.11
105 Hansen, Curt258149 29.29
106 Spassky, Boris V258154 56.91
107 Wolff, Patrick G258149 25.88
108 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V258050 49.27
109 Hellers, Ferdinand257949 24.92
110 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y257951 49.65
111 Serper, Grigory257950 24.30
112 Glek, Igor V257850 32.15
113 Shneider, Aleksandr257851 31.61
114 van der Wiel, John T H257749 34.39
115 Chiburdanidze, Maia G257752 32.95
116 Kuzmin, Alexey257658 30.81
117 Ionov, Sergey257653 31.98
118 Kožul, Zdenko257648 27.61
119 Stohl, Igor257548 29.26
120 Pétursson, Margeir257448 33.88
121 Vaulin, Alexander257350 36.79
122 Xu Jun257254 31.29
123 Ye Jiangchuan257253 33.11
124 Lanka, Zigurds257250 33.61
125 Damljanovic, Branko257149 32.54
126 Sokolov, Andrey Y257149 30.78
127 Wahls, Matthias257149 25.92
128 Huzman, Alexander257152 31.72
129 Khenkin, Igor257151 25.78
130 Kupreichik, Viktor D257050 44.49
131 Ftácnik, Lubomír256949 36.17
132 Adorján, András256951 43.75
133 Hulak, Krunoslav256952 42.60
134 Milov, Vadim256853 21.41
135 Bologan, Viktor256749 22.05
136 Morozevich, Alexander256752 16.45
137 Van der Sterren, Paul256748 37.79
138 Podgaets, Mikhail Y256665 46.44
139 Sakaev, Konstantin256652 19.72
140 Muhutdinov, Marat256656 26.12
141 Smagin, Sergey256649 35.31
142 Ruban, Vadim256551 29.55
143 Spasov, Vasil256552 22.87
144 Rohde, Michael A256558 34.35
145 Kruppa, Yuri256555 29.53
146 Sherbakov, Ruslan256549 24.30
147 Dvoiris, Semen I256449 35.16
148 Kurajica, Bojan256450 46.13
149 Nogueiras, Jesus256451 34.45
150 Alburt, Lev O256459 48.36
151 Larsen, Bent256451 58.82
152 Polgar, Zsuzsa256447 24.70
153 Giorgadze, Giorgi256453 29.22
154 Savchenko, Stanislav256450 26.94
155 Hort, Vlastimil256351 49.96
156 Chandler, Murray G256351 33.74
157 Golod, Vitali256255 22.51
158 Fedorowicz, John P256150 35.26
159 Kindermann, Stefan256149 34.01
160 Balashov, Yury S256151 44.80
161 Minasian, Artashes256050 26.94
162 Zagrebelny, Sergey256052
163 Watson, William N256052 31.70
164 Gurevich, Ilya255951 21.90
165 Pintér, József255953 40.14
166 Yakovich, Yuri255949 31.09
167 Anastasian, Ashot255952 29.46
168 Milos, Gilberto255850 30.17
169 Shabanov, Yury F255767 56.14
170 Didishko, Vereslav255755 44.72
171 deFirmian, Nicholas E255652 36.43
172 Frolov, Artur255652 23.42
173 Kuzmin, Gennady P255652 47.94
174 Spraggett, Kevin B255550 39.14
175 Brodsky, Michail255553 24.76
176 Cámpora, Daniel H255450 36.50
177 Rogers, Ian255349 33.52
178 Blatny, Pavel255249 25.52
179 Averkin, Orest N255276 49.85
180 Torre, Eugenio255256 42.16
181 Kuporosov, Viktor255158 32.26
182 Chekhov, Valery A255153 38.09
183 Ulibin, Mikhail255150 22.58
184 Zvjaginsev, Vadim255154 17.37
185 Bagirov, Vladimir K255051 57.37
186 Sorokin, Maxim254951 25.94
187 Gleizerov, Evgeny254951 30.78
188 Zaichik, Gennady L254956 36.89
189 Baburin, Alexander254852 26.87
190 Atalik, Suat254851 29.22
191 Hansen, Lars Bo254848 25.27
192 Orlov, Georgi254864
193 Cramling, Pia254749 30.69
194 Arkhipov, Sergey254750 39.52
195 van Wely, Loek254647 21.23
196 Cebalo, Mišo254650 48.90
197 Nadyrhanov, Sergey254557 30.26
198 Gofshtein, Leonid D254551 40.69
199 Wojtkiewicz, Aleksander254447 30.95
200 Sax, Gyula254448 42.54
201 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N254452 47.70
202 Onischuk, Alexander254453 18.33
203 Solozhenkin, Evgeniy254452 27.42
204 Tischbierek, Raj254352 31.27
205 Plaskett, Jim254355 33.79
206 Olafsson, Helgi254251 37.38
207 Sadler, Matthew254150 19.63
208 Korzubov, Peter254071 31.99
209 Piskov, Yury254054 32.22
210 Meister, Yakov253957 38.30
211 Ye Rongguang253956 30.24
212 Popovic, Petar253852 34.88
213 Wang Zili253762 25.55
214 Yemelin, Vasily253760 17.91
215 Almasi, Zoltan253649 17.34
216 Zezulkin, Jurij253564 22.37
217 Smejkal, Jan253552 47.77
218 Makarov, Marat253552 30.65
219 Mokrý, Karel253453 34.90
220 Ostojic, Nikola253460 21.59
221 Suba, Mihai253449 46.58
222 Sunye Neto, Jaime253453 36.66
223 Ivanov, Alexander V253451 37.66
224 Kiselev, Sergey253350 32.30
225 Peng Xiaomin253365 20.73
226 Saltaev, Mihail253259 31.12
227 Nikolenko, Oleg253259 34.53
228 Hector, Jonny253249 29.88
229 Timoshchenko, Gennady253254 44.68
230 Ibragimov, Ildar253249 26.37
231 Fominyh, Alexander253155 34.54
232 Hickl, Joerg253149 28.71
233 Sher, Miron N253150 41.51
234 Fishbein, Alexander253056 25.65
235 Moiseev, Viktor253059 34.63
236 Pugachov, Alexey253060 28.34
237 Ubilava, Elizbar E253051 43.34
238 Kalegin, Evgenij253057 39.32
239 Zhuravliov, Valerij252955 55.05
240 Dlugy, Maxim252957 27.92
241 Kovalev, Andrei252952 32.15
242 Lalic, Bogdan252952 29.81
243 Aleksandrov, Aleksej252854 20.64
244 Nevostrujev, Vladimir252863
245 Taimanov, Mark E252755 67.90
246 Shtyrenkov, Veniamen252760 35.69
247 Golubev, Mihail252755 23.59
248 Faragó, Iván252648 47.75
249 Ikonnikov, Vyacheslav252655 27.79
250 Rechlis, Gad252660 26.90
251 Annageldyev, Orazly252671 33.78
252 Loginov, Valery A252548 38.05
253 Hracek, Zbynek252551 23.31
254 Budnikov, Alexandar252551 26.92
255 Bischoff, Klaus252449 32.56
256 Antonio, Rogelio Jr252455 31.87
257 Lau, Ralf252449 34.20
258 Stefansson, Hannes252450 21.45
259 Bönsch, Uwe252449 35.21
260 Ivanov, Sergey252357 32.26
261 Smyslov, Vassily V252249 72.77
262 Kotronias, Vasilios252249 29.35
263 Mestel, A Jonathan252160 36.80
264 Komarov, Dimitri252156 25.08
265 Gruenfeld, Yehuda252154 37.84
266 Panchenko, Alexandar G252157 32.73
267 Browne, Walter S252152 44.97
268 Pfleger, Helmut252162 50.40
269 Murshed, Niaz252153 27.63
270 Polovodin, Igor A252158 38.77
271 Lin Weiguo252058 23.43
272 King, Daniel J252050 30.34
273 Moskalenko, Viktor252050 33.07
274 Kosashvili, Yona252057 23.49
275 Kalinitschew, Sergey252055 37.91
276 Guliev, Sarhan252054 25.75
277 Rausis, Igors251950 32.73
278 Burmakin, Vladimir251956 26.57
279 Arnason, Jon L251950 33.13
280 Knaak, Rainer F251951 40.79
281 Beim, Valery251854 43.79
282 Marin, Mihail251850 28.69
283 Fedorov, Alexei251859 21.26
284 Janjgava, Lasha251760 23.65
285 Geller, Efim P251652 68.83
286 Thorsteins, Karl251655 29.22
287 Horvath, Jozsef251648 29.38
288 Yandemirov, Valeri251654 30.89
289 Simic, Radoslav251556 45.56
290 Kuczynski, Robert251549 27.70
291 Davies, Nigel R251550 33.42
292 Flear, Glenn C251450 34.88
293 Ivanov, Igor V251452 46.97
294 Gabriel, Christian251452 18.83
295 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B251450 39.12
296 Petrienko, Vladimir251373 38.81
297 Velimirovic, Dragoljub251353 51.63
298 Zapata, Alonso251350 35.36
299 Schlosser, Philipp251348 25.37
300 Timoshenko, Georgy251352 27.58
301 Hebden, Mark251249 35.88
302 Kveinys, Aloyzas251250 31.48
303 Machulsky, Anatoly D251268 37.27
304 Levin, Felix251256 35.15
305 Barbero, Gerardo F251252 32.36
306 Lempert, Igor251156 24.15
307 Drasko, Milan251152 31.07
308 Magomedov, Magaram251156 27.61
309 Donchev, Dimitar I251161 35.44
310 Milov, Leonid251058 27.90
311 Rachels, Stuart251065 24.26
312 Sosonko, Gennadi251052 50.62
313 Rodriguez, Amador250951 37.31
314 Kosten, Anthony C250953 35.44
315 Adianto, Utut250852 28.79
316 Magem Badals, Jordi250849 26.35
317 Quinteros, Miguel A250857 46.01
318 Titov, German250859 30.68
319 Poluljahov, Aleksandr250753 28.57
320 Moroz, Alexander250767 32.95
321 Arkhangelsky, Boris250766 62.94
322 Vukic, Milan250755 50.37
323 Savon, Vladimir A250751 53.26
324 Kirov Ivanov, Nino250659 48.31
325 Guseinov, Aidyn250664 41.99
326 Ernst, Thomas250649 33.37
327 Vera, Reynaldo250653 32.98
328 Dragomarezkij, Evgeni250555 40.94
329 Inkiov, Ventzislav250555 37.62
330 Kishnev, Sergey250552 37.16
331 Kholmov, Ratmir D250555 68.63
332 Barua, Dibyendu250452 27.18
333 Varavin, Viktor250455 26.61
334 Gufeld, Eduard E250359 57.78
335 Svidler, Peter250354 17.54
336 Panno, Oscar R250351 58.79
337 Vogt, Lothar H250351 41.95
338 Palac, Mladen250252 22.87
339 Garcia250272
340 Norwood, David250153 25.24
341 Panchenko, Alexander N250151 40.24
342 Manor, Ilan250163 24.18
343 Agrest, Evgenij250153 27.38
344 Groszpeter, Attila250049 33.56
345 Lima, Darcy250056 31.61
346 Cabrilo, Goran250053 35.50
347 Horváth, Csaba249950 25.57
348 Palatnik, Semen A249960 43.76
349 Gallagher, Joseph G249950 29.66
350 Bikhovsky, Avigdor I249953 38.82
351 Comas Fabrego, Luis249856 22.52
352 Zarubin, Pavel249867 25.88
353 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes249854 50.49
354 Kovacevic, Vladimir249852 51.76
355 Karlsson, Lars249851 38.47
356 Klinger, Josef249852 26.57
357 Stanec, Nikolaus249857 25.67
358 Sergeev, Vladimir249762 29.66
359 Chudinovskih, Alexander249769 26.80
360 Djuric, Stefan249752 38.43
361 Sahovic, Dragutin249773 53.40
362 Zhidkov, Valery S249767 54.32
363 Mitkov, Nikola249755 22.04
364 Wang Pin249661 19.05
365 Dizdarevic, Emir249652 35.75
366 Kovacevic, Vladimir2249670 38.79
367 Murey, Yakov249652 52.41
368 Pichler, Juergen249667 32.58
369 Jansa, Vlastimil249649 51.09
370 Tolnai, Tibor249548 29.27
371 Hamdouchi, Hichem249553 21.23
372 Skembris, Spyridon249449 35.86
373 Liang Jinrong249462 33.61
374 Hoffman, Alejandro249450 27.18
375 Zlochevskij, Alexander249460 30.52
376 Iuldachev, Saidali249461 25.92
377 Ginsburg, Gennadij249463 22.39
378 Frias, Victor J249361 37.89
379 Mainka, Romuald249249 30.63
380 Mecking, Henrique249267 41.93
381 Dizdar, Goran249251 35.07
382 Arbakov, Valentin249258 41.92
383 Bashkov, Viacheslav249155 31.93
384 Gomez Baillo, Jorge H249161 34.70
385 Conquest, Stuart249150 26.83
386 García Gonzáles, Guillermo249173 40.06
387 Istratescu, Andrei249151 18.08
388 Nesterov, Jakov249157 27.10
389 Tunik, Gennady249054 40.59
390 Tkachiev, Vladislav249060 20.14
391 Naumkin, Igor249051 28.39
392 Gipslis, Aivars249051 56.90
393 Temirbaev, Serik249056
394 Nikolac, Juraj249068 61.69
395 Kapetanovic, Armin249070
396 Duer, Arne248963 34.47
397 Legky, Nikolay A248960 38.72
398 Yuneev, Alexey248968
399 Grivas, Efstratios248950 27.75
400 Orsag, Milan248959 29.97
401 Cifuentes Parada, Roberto248849 36.03
402 Rajkovic, Dusan248854 51.54
403 Ruzele, Darius248859 25.68
404 Reeh, Oliver248853 29.94
405 Leko, Peter248848 14.31
406 Bezgodov, Alexei248764 24.50
407 Petkevich, Jusefs248770 53.03
408 Rytshagov, Mikhail248751 26.13
409 Sermek, Drazen248750 24.91
410 Cid, Marino Alejandro248664 35.55
411 Novik, Maxim248655 30.05
412 Nijboer, Friso248649 28.60
413 Klebel, Martin248662 27.63
414 Gurevich, Dmitry248650 37.30
415 Karpman, Vadim248666 28.63
416 Finegold, Benjamin248654 24.32
417 Winants, Luc248551 30.99
418 Byrne, Robert E248569 65.70
419 Popchev, Milko248556 29.14
420 Movsziszian, Karen248555 30.98
421 Bass, Leonid248463 36.59
422 Strikovic, Aleksa248452 32.63
423 Hresc, Vladimir248460 42.11
424 Johansen, Darryl K248455 34.91
425 Rotstein, Arkadij248353 32.67
426 Lisenko, Alexander V248359 42.55
427 Gdanski, Jacek248350 23.09
428 Mukhametov, Eldar248364 24.61
429 Lukin, Andrei M248358 45.34
430 Liss, Eran248257 18.50
431 Gurevich, Vladimir248259 34.41
432 Martinovic, Slobodan248257 48.43
433 Sutovsky, Emil248157 16.28
434 Gausel, Einar248149 30.09
435 Haba, Petr248152 28.98
436 Kochiev, Alexander248156 37.77
437 Sergeev, Veniamin248166 32.74
438 Renet, Olivier248148 29.03
439 Howell, James C248151 26.62
440 Stangl, Markus248149 24.67
441 Ermenkov, Evgenij248152 44.26
442 Maljutin, Evgeni248054 22.17
443 Koutsin, Sergey248069 36.58
444 Glyanets, Alexander R248069 44.67
445 Ivkov, Borislav248053 60.13
446 Komljenovic, Davor248054 49.50
447 Kolev, Atanas248052 26.46
448 Kakageldyev, Amanmurad248056 44.01
449 Zlotnik, Boris A248059 47.21
450 Berezjuk, Sergej248060 33.89
451 Brunner, Lucas248048 26.59
452 Rivas Pastor, Manuel247951 33.47
453 Motwani, Paul247954 31.55
454 Vakhidov, Tahir247957
455 Shmuter, Leonid247957 24.66
456 Zhelnin, Vladimir V247865 46.80
457 Morawietz, Dieter247865 30.04
458 Har Zvi, Ronen247753 17.22
459 Luther, Thomas247748 24.16
460 Georgiev, Krum247752 35.60
461 Kouatly, Bachar247655 35.83
462 Ivanovic, Božidar247551 47.35
463 Nevednichy, Vladislav247551 24.33
464 Gluzman, Mikhail247568 26.32
465 Gligoric, Svetozar247465 70.91
466 Landa, Konstantin247460 21.61
467 Petrosian, Arshak B247453 40.04
468 Lukacs, Peter247348 43.48
469 Belikov, Vladimir247357 22.41
470 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich247356 37.97
471 Karasev, Vladimir I247361 55.54
472 Atlas, Valeri247157 25.71
473 Emms, John M247150 26.80
474 Petran, Pal247152 47.29
475 Gavrilov, Alexei247160 23.48
476 Keitlinghaus, Ludger247152 28.44
477 Semeniuk, Alexander A247074 41.31
478 Paehtz, Thomas Sr247056 37.32
479 Bukic, Enver247062 56.08
480 Lin Ta246972 30.92
481 Ziatdinov, Raset246959 35.01
482 Zilberstein, Valery I246971 50.72
483 Avrukh, Boris246959 15.97
484 Zaitsev, Igor A246951 55.59
485 Galliamova, Alisa246852 21.95
486 Tringov, Georgy P246861 56.82
487 Gheorghiu, Florin246854 49.73
488 Hazai, Laszlo246757 40.55
489 Kaiumov, Dmitry D246659 44.84
490 Nedobora, Mikhail246658 23.66
491 Spangenberg, Hugo246651 18.11
492 Miladinovic, Igor246560 19.93
493 Matulovic, Milan246556 58.56
494 Khmelnitsky, Igor N246566 25.36
495 Korneev, Oleg246556 24.43
496 Tisdall, Jonathan D246550 35.35
497 Libeau, Rene246454 28.29
498 Yuferov, Sergey N246462 48.08
499 Belov, Igor246458
500 Zarnicki, Pablo246451 21.13

These ratings, calculated as of December 31, 1993, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 1993, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of December 31, 1992. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of December 31, 1993. This represents the player's estimated strength on January 1, 1994.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on January 1, 1994. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on January 1, 1994 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on January 1, 1994. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on December 31, 1993. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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