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Top 10 active players as of December 31, 1976


Top 500 active players as of December 31, 1976

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Karpov, Anatoly E27784947.8% #325.61
2 Korchnoi, Viktor L27265111.1% #1145.77
3 Petrosian, Tigran V2719498.5% #1347.54
4 Polugaevsky, Lev A2715497.5% #1442.11
5 Mecking, Henrique2685553.1% #2724.93
6 Tal, Mikhail2683482.0% #2640.14
7 Spassky, Boris V2677521.9% #3039.91
8 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir2671491.2% #3126.16
9 Hübner, Robert2668511.2% #3428.15
10 Portisch, Lajos2667491.0% #3439.74
11 Geller, Efim P2666490.9% #3551.83
12 Larsen, Bent2665511.0% #3641.82
13 Hort, Vlastimil2660480.6% #3832.96
14 Romanishin, Oleg M2659500.7% #3924.97
15 Balashov, Yury S2656500.6% #4127.80
16 Smyslov, Vassily V2649500.5% #4555.77
17 Lein, Anatoly2648742.7% #5845.76
18 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V2648490.4% #4632.27
19 Gufeld, Eduard E2642550.5% #5340.78
20 Vaganian, Rafael A2640500.3% #5125.21
21 Kudriashov, Anatoly A2636731.8% #6634.70
22 Gligoric, Svetozar2635510.2% #5653.91
23 Gulko, Boris F2634500.2% #5629.89
24 Kuzmin, Gennady P2630530.3% #6030.94
25 Savon, Vladimir A2629510.2% #6036.26
26 Kholmov, Ratmir D2626520.2% #6351.63
27 Andersson, Ulf2623480.1% #6325.51
28 Evans, Larry M2620650.5% #7544.77
29 Vasiukov, Evgeny A2620530.1% #6843.82
30 Byrne, Robert E2619510.1% #6848.70
31 Dorfman, Iosif D2617550.1% #7124.66
32 Timman, Jan H2617490.1% #6825.05
33 Smejkal, Jan2616490.1% #6930.77
34 Olafsson, Fridrik2616510.1% #7141.92
35 Gipslis, Aivars2614540.1% #7439.89
36 Beliavsky, Alexander G2610510.1% #7623.04
37 Chekhov, Valery A2609570.2% #7921.09
38 Ribli, Zoltán2609500.1% #7625.32
39 Gheorghiu, Florin260950 #7632.73
40 Dvoretsky, Mark I2607530.1% #7829.06
41 Krogius, Nikolay V2606610.2% #8546.44
42 Liberzon, Vladimir M260453 #8239.77
43 Browne, Walter S260350 #8027.97
44 Unzicker, Wolfgang2601610.2% #8951.51
45 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E259953 #8726.88
46 Panno, Oscar R259753 #8741.79
47 Darga, Klaus V2594680.3% #9942.85
48 Tukmakov, Vladimir B259451 #8930.79
49 Furman, Semen A259455 #9256.08
50 Averbakh, Yury L2593580.1% #9554.89
51 Kavalek, Lubomir259250 #9033.39
52 Taimanov, Mark E259051 #9250.89
53 Pfleger, Helmut2589570.1% #9833.40
54 Zaitsev, Igor A2588570.1% #9938.59
55 Sax, Gyula258749 #9425.54
56 Nikolac, Juraj2587590.1% #10044.69
57 Palatnik, Semen A2586640.1% #10426.76
58 Bukic, Enver258457 #10239.08
59 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y2584670.1% #10932.65
60 Bagirov, Vladimir K258359 #10440.37
61 Parma, Bruno258353 #10135.00
62 Osnos, Viacheslav V2580740.3% #11641.44
63 Szabó, László257952 #10459.78
64 Velimirovic, Dragoljub257851 #10434.63
65 Kurajica, Bojan257851 #10429.13
66 Razuvaev, Yury S257754 #10631.22
67 Alburt, Lev O257653 #10731.36
68 Matanovic, Aleksandar257453 #10946.61
69 Uhlmann, Wolfgang257349 #10741.76
70 Bronstein, David I257351 #10852.86
71 Nei, Iivo2571640.1% #11845.17
72 Schmid, Lothar M2571680.1% #12148.64
73 Timoshchenko, Gennady256957 #11727.68
74 Sosonko, Gennadi256850 #11333.62
75 Platonov, Igor V2566710.1% #12642.95
76 Lerner, Konstantin Z256460 #12326.84
77 Suetin, Alexey S256453 #11850.12
78 Quinteros, Miguel A256351 #11729.01
79 Miles, Anthony J256250 #11821.69
80 Csom, István256150 #11836.58
81 Karasev, Vladimir I256160 #12538.54
82 Torre, Eugenio256052 #12125.16
83 Matulovic, Milan255952 #12241.56
84 Najdorf, Miguel255856 #12566.71
85 Adorján, András255850 #12126.75
86 Ivkov, Borislav255650 #12343.13
87 Sanguinetti, Raúl C255556 #12743.90
88 Radulov, Ivan255457 #13037.98
89 Hecht, Hans-Joachim255356 #13037.92
90 Tseitlin, Mark D255368 #13733.27
91 Tarjan, James E255251 #12724.85
92 Sakharov, A.255161 #134
93 Kapengut, Albert Z255169 #13832.49
94 Grefe, John A255159 #13429.32
95 Sigurjónsson, Gudmundur255050 #12929.27
96 Commons, Kim S255059 #13425.44
97 Lombardy, William J254754 #13339.07
98 Hulak, Krunoslav254755 #13525.60
99 Lutikov, Anatoly S254756 #13543.90
100 Kupreichik, Viktor D254653 #13327.49
101 Petrosian, Arshak B254359 23.04
102 Averkin, Orest N254270 32.84
103 Mukhin, Mikhail A254170 28.86
104 Klovans, Janis254157 41.73
105 Filip, Miroslav254160 48.18
106 Malich, Burkhard G254056 40.09
107 Tringov, Georgy P253955 39.82
108 Reshevsky, Samuel H253856 65.10
109 Rogoff, Kenneth S253853 23.77
110 Kovacevic, Vladimir253761 34.76
111 Grigorian, Karen A253353 29.32
112 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz253250 33.72
113 Georgadze, Tamaz V253156 29.14
114 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N253053 30.70
115 Panchenko, Alexander N252974 23.24
116 Ivanov, Igor V252864 29.97
117 Antoshin, Vladimir S252464 47.63
118 Zakharov, Alexander V252461 33.23
119 Knezevic, Milorad252354 40.17
120 Suttles, Duncan252162 31.03
121 Vukcevich, Milan R252157
122 Mariotti, Sergio251954 30.39
123 Shamkovich, Leonid A251863 53.58
124 Kirov Ivanov, Nino251853 31.31
125 Pribyl, Josef251753 29.22
126 Makarichev, Sergey Y251758 23.12
127 Pachmann, Ludek251556 52.64
128 Vukic, Milan251356 33.37
129 Sanguinetti, Renato251264 60.69
130 Benko, Pal C251253 48.46
131 Rodriguez, Ruben251164 30.07
132 Díez del Corral, Jesús251063 43.73
133 Donner, Johannes H250852 49.48
134 Stean, Michael F250853 23.32
135 Vitolinš, Alvis250772 30.54
136 Weinstein, Norman250753 26.24
137 Knaak, Rainer F250651 23.79
138 Balinas, Rosendo Carrean250457
139 Maric, Rudolf250367 49.63
140 Bilek, István250253 44.39
141 Vogt, Lothar H250150 24.95
142 Jansa, Vlastimil250049 34.09
143 Karner, Hillar250065 41.43
144 Rytov, Boris250067
145 Raicevic, Vladimir249955 27.66
146 Suba, Mihai249958 29.58
147 Calvo Minguez, Ricardo249961 33.19
148 Rajkovic, Dusan249857 34.54
149 Zilberstein, Valery I249872 33.72
150 Lukin, Andrei M249775 28.34
151 Hartston, William R249753 29.38
152 Marovic, Dražen249654 38.96
153 Podgaets, Mikhail Y249563 29.44
154 Karaklajic, Nikola249569 50.85
155 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I249562 43.13
156 Doroshkievich, Vladimir K249462 39.01
157 Kakageldyev, Amanmurad249474 27.01
158 Ree, Hans249350 32.29
159 Faragó, Iván249250 30.75
160 Keene, Raymond249151
161 Ghizdavu, Dumitru249065 27.61
162 Barczay, Laszlo249051 40.85
163 Mohrlok, Dieter248870
164 Espig, Lutz248652 27.98
165 Dueball, Juergen248661 31.76
166 Zhuravliov, Valerij248669 38.05
167 Tatai, Stefano248552 38.77
168 Katalymov, Boris N248275
169 Kraidman, Yair248256 44.16
170 Vadasz, Laszlo248152 28.92
171 Kestler, Hans-Günter248163 37.05
172 Schweber, Samuel248158 40.46
173 Bednarski, Jacek B248055 37.80
174 Saidy, Anthony F248064 39.62
175 Bleiman, Yaacov248066 29.31
176 Planinc, Albin248051 32.70
177 Forintos, Gyözö V247752 41.42
178 Soltis, Andrew E247770 29.59
179 Ostojic, Predrag247756 38.85
180 Zuidema, Coenraad247674
181 Honfi, Karoly247552 46.18
182 Spassov, Liuben247459 33.77
183 Kaplan, Julio P247455 26.43
184 Anikaev, Yury247464 28.51
185 Padevsky, Nikola B247356 43.59
186 Westerinen, Heikki MJ247351 32.68
187 Plachetka, Jan247352 31.86
188 Radev, Nikolai247365 38.03
189 Ubilava, Elizbar E247272 26.34
190 Cosulich, Roberto247171
191 Hamann, Svend247064 36.23
192 Damjanovic, Mato246953 49.77
193 Johannsson, Ingi Randver246967
194 Ciocaltea, Victor246854 44.95
195 Robatsch, Karl246659 48.21
196 Mnatsakanian, Eduard A246567 38.07
197 García Gonzáles, Guillermo246554 23.06
198 Zuckerman, Bernard246467 33.75
199 Martz, William E246359
200 Castro Rojas, Oscar Humberto246255 23.65
201 Rath, Ulrik246265 30.02
202 Nemet, Ivan246164 33.71
203 Rodriguez, Amador246154 20.31
204 Sahovic, Dragutin246172 36.40
205 Sofrevski, Jovan246162 41.37
206 Mednis, Edmar J246054 39.77
207 Popov, Luben246054 40.92
208 Peresipkin, Vladimir245976
209 Spiridonov, Nikola245952 38.84
210 Cvetkovic, Srdjan245966 30.84
211 Barcza, Gedeon245868 65.36
212 Gerusel, Mathias245858 38.90
213 Vaisman, Volodia245862 39.02
214 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B245874 22.12
215 Ghitescu, Theodor245760 42.93
216 Ciric, Dragoljub M245463 41.13
217 Musil, Vojko245473 31.37
218 Szekely, Peter245459 21.89
219 Janoševic, Dragoljub245357 53.48
220 Gaprindashvili, Nona245360 35.66
221 Bohm, Hans245352 26.95
222 Minic, Dragoljub245357 39.82
223 Barle, Janez245261 24.78
224 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y245261 19.94
225 Piasetski, Leon David245274
226 Brasket, Curt Justin245274
227 Nunn, John D M245156 21.68
228 Bisguier, Arthur B245156 47.23
229 Řgaard, Leif245155 24.98
230 Lengyel, Levente245055 43.55
231 Capelan, Guenter244976 44.43
232 Portisch, Ferenc244957 37.73
233 Peters, John A244864 25.88
234 Kozlov, V.244865
235 Garcia Martinez, Silvino244853 32.49
236 Flesch, Janos244759 43.25
237 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes244755 33.49
238 Lederman, Leon244765 29.60
239 Pintér, József244653 23.14
240 Kozlov, Vladimir N244672 26.58
241 Pritchett, Craig William244559
242 Lakic, Nikola244564 29.46
243 Vranesic, Zvonko244573 38.24
244 Jakobsen, Ole244567 34.20
245 Haag, Ervin244459 43.96
246 Prandstetter, Eduard244459 28.04
247 Langeweg, Kick244452 39.82
248 Kuijpers, Franciscus Antonius244459
249 Christiansen, Larry M244362 20.51
250 Liebert, Heinz244255 40.60
251 Van Wijgerden, Cornelis244262 26.61
252 Pilnik, Herman244271 62.97
253 Estrin, Yacov B244166 53.69
254 Pomar Salamanca, Arturo244153 45.33
255 Jansson, Borje244167 34.80
256 Ignatiev, Felix N244063 44.97
257 Hazai, Laszlo244057 23.55
258 Stoica, Valentin243867 26.87
259 Minev, Nikolay N243771 45.97
260 Rukavina, Josip243758 34.09
261 Boey, Josef243771 42.62
262 Dely, Peter243659 42.49
263 Kochiev, Alexander243575 20.77
264 Augustin, Josef243454 34.62
265 Matera, Salvatore Joseph243458
266 Grinberg, Ricardo243461 28.96
267 Schneider, Lars Ake243461
268 Kagan, Shimon243357 34.73
269 Garcia, Raimundo243357 40.59
270 Chellstorp, Craig V243268
271 Szmetan, Jorge243255 26.60
272 Sydor, Andrzej243257 39.99
273 Yanofsky, Daniel A243262 51.76
274 Jiménez Zerquera, Eleazar243169 48.52
275 Ornstein, Axel243154 24.69
276 Amos, Bruce M243075 30.00
277 Bertok, Mario242972 47.33
278 Scholl, Eddie C242873 32.20
279 Biyiasas, Peter242855 26.12
280 Buljovcic, Ivan242864 40.01
281 Hase, Juan Carlos242760
282 Eising, Johannes242757 41.59
283 Zwaig, Arne242657
284 Hug, Werner242657 24.31
285 Deze, Anton242664
286 Ermenkov, Evgenij242556 27.26
287 Lechtynsky, Jiri242457 29.10
288 Ligterink, Gert242453 27.12
289 Johannessen, Svein242370 39.20
290 Brond, Victor242359
291 Poutiainen, Pertti242258
292 Adamski, Jan242151 33.14
293 Hernandez, Roman242053 27.11
294 Toth, Bela242063 33.70
295 Bellin, Robert241958 24.50
296 Cobo Arteaga, Eldis241963
297 Rossetto, Héctor D241958 54.31
298 McKay, Roderick M241971 24.88
299 Peev, Peicho Chonev241858 36.75
300 Diesen, Mark C241670
301 Williams, Arthur Howard241567
302 Haygarth, Michael J241369
303 Jamieson, Robert Murray241268
304 Jamroz, Zbigniew241273 42.55
305 Zichichi, Alvise241266 38.49
306 Penrose, Jonathan241069 43.23
307 Hartoch, Robert G241054
308 Rubinetti, Jorge A240955 31.75
309 Mestrovic, Zvonimir240971 32.20
310 Doda, Zbigniew240953 45.85
311 Pytel, Krzysztof240855 31.63
312 Schiffer, Karl Josef240873
313 Kovacs, Laszlo M240763 38.24
314 Bronstein, Luis240758 30.58
315 Enklaar, Bertus F240454
316 Uddenfeldt, Dan240375 25.76
317 Martinovic, Slobodan240173 31.43
318 Van Riemsdijk, Herman C240163 28.35
319 Webb, Simon239957 27.56
320 Inkiov, Ventzislav239869 20.62
321 Botterill, George Steven239861
322 Cuasnicu, Oscar239758 34.19
323 Giterman, Shlomo239769
324 van Scheltinga, Tjeerd D239669 62.82
325 Ost Hansen, Jacob239676
326 Sloth, Jorn239670 32.32
327 Lehmann, Heinz Dr239663
328 Moehring, Guenther239654 40.10
329 Nicevski, Risto239457 31.51
330 Sznapik, Aleksander239453 25.88
331 Meduna, Eduard239163 26.30
332 Denker, Arnold S238968 62.85
333 Harandi, Khosro238958 26.33
334 Marjanovic, Slavoljub238972 21.98
335 Filipowicz, Andrzej238861 38.63
336 Gliksman, Darko238868 39.23
337 Neckar, Lubomir238859 26.41
338 Rajna, George238767 29.87
339 Rantanen, Yrjo A238764 26.69
340 Horner, Jeff238767 27.35
341 Mestel, A Jonathan238758 19.80
342 Garcia, Jo238771
343 De la Vega, Hector238762 50.79
344 Lukacs, Peter238562 26.48
345 Dake, Arthur William238569 66.73
346 Karklins, Andrew238568 29.71
347 Gasic, Bozidar238570 39.22
348 Kupka, Slavoj238573 34.48
349 Visier Segovia, Fernando238461 33.90
350 Gesos, Pavlos238465 31.60
351 Basman, Michael J238367 30.79
352 Kozma, Julius238259 47.58
353 Markland, Peter R238269 25.72
354 Sapi, Laszlo238259 41.78
355 Debarnot, Roberto238156 29.40
356 Garcia Padron, Jose238063 18.77
357 Wockenfuss, Klaus238075 25.34
358 Whiteley, Andrew J238059 29.56
359 Ivanovic, Božidar238062 30.35
360 Soler, Alberto237968
361 Gofshtein, Leonid D237966 23.69
362 Goodman, David SC237967
363 Eslon, Jaan237868 24.82
364 Wade, Robert Graham237863
365 Kinnmark, Ove237861 32.02
366 Popov, Nikolay237870
367 Pokojowczyk, Jerzy237856 27.85
368 Tompa, Janos237657 29.67
369 Betancort Curbelo, Juan237470 34.38
370 Sibarevic, Milenko237364 31.80
371 Bellon Lopez, Juan Manuel237351 26.65
372 Kolbak, Jens237374 31.90
373 Lombard, Andre237255 26.28
374 Speelman, Jonathan S237165 20.25
375 Czerniak, Moshe237062 66.90
376 Campos Lopez, Mario237075 33.63
377 Goldenberg, Richard237072 29.11
378 Corden, Martyn J237071
379 Iskov, Gert236960 28.43
380 Zinn, Lothar236972 38.78
381 Rayner, Emmanuel236976 18.55
382 Bönsch, Uwe236954 18.21
383 Butnorius, Algimantas236967 30.11
384 Foguelman, Alberto236969 53.22
385 Szymczak, Zbigniew236857 24.98
386 Garcia, Wilfredo236864 22.11
387 Rodriguez Gonzales, Jesus236768
388 Navarovszky, Laszlo236662 43.74
389 Kostro, Jerzy236662 39.93
390 Knox, Victor W236569 31.93
391 Barreras, Alberto236468 25.74
392 Schinzel, Wladyslaw236455 33.61
393 Ek, Hans236462 48.23
394 Banas, Jan236160 29.58
395 Radashkovich, Itchak236167
396 Emma, Jaime J236157 38.95
397 Alexandria, Nana236065 27.22
398 Pelikán, Jorge236072 70.69
399 Jacobsen, Bo235975 28.05
400 Mihaljcisin, Mihajlo235964 43.85
401 Wahlbom, Magnus235974 31.63
402 Eley, Brian235874
403 Rocha, Antonio235866 32.55
404 Cuartas, Carlos235863 36.38
405 Pietrusiak, Bogdan235772 43.46
406 Terres Trois, Francisco235776
407 Fichtl, Jirí235762 55.87
408 Silva, Fernando235659 26.41
409 Akvist, Hakan235663 35.18
410 Lanc, Alois235659 28.86
411 Holm, Sejer235467 37.39
412 Ostermeyer, Peter235366 33.22
413 Onat, Ilhan235370 47.07
414 Velikov, Petar235372 25.75
415 Grabczewski, Romuald235364 44.89
416 De Bruycker, Bernard235268 35.54
417 Trapl, Jindrich235166 34.77
418 Nikolic, Stanimir235075 41.92
419 Kristiansen, Erling235064 40.04
420 Seidler, Aldo235059
421 Dieks, Roy G234965 20.91
422 Petran, Pal234955 30.29
423 Vogel, Jaap234972 28.75
424 Bernat, Miguel234873 19.29
425 Schaufelberger, Heinz234766 29.12
426 Pinal, Nelson Borges234669
427 Levy, David Neil Lawrence234563
428 Anelli, Antonio234571 32.64
429 Quinones, Oscar Carillo234571
430 Maciejewski, Andrzej234557 25.48
431 Pernishki, Luben234373 45.54
432 Tan Lian Ann234259
433 Djuric, Stefan234173 21.43
434 Hutchings, Stuart J234170
435 Szilágyi, György234158 55.49
436 Camara, Helder234075 39.89
437 Urzica, Aurel234073 24.14
438 Jancev, Lazo234063
439 Pesantes Carbajal, Carlos234064
440 Fuller, Maxwell L233962 31.92
441 Estevez Morales, Guillermo233955
442 Donchenko, Anatoly G233875 36.33
443 Garcia Palermo, Carlos233660 23.08
444 Rosenlund, Thorbjorn233666 25.54
445 Boudy, Julio233558 25.55
446 Naranja, Renato233468 36.27
447 Horvath, Tamas233460 25.19
448 Bernard, Ryszard233462 32.36
449 Liljedahl, Lennart233470 29.34
450 Borngaesser, Rene233469 25.27
451 Eperjesi, Laszlo233361 33.62
452 Van Baarle, C John233366 31.70
453 Wirthensohn, Heinz233365 25.66
454 Kushnir, Alla233363
455 Starck, Bodo233272 42.22
456 Fedder, Steen233166 25.55
457 De Greif, Boris233063 46.88
458 Kuligowski, Adam232960 21.02
459 Jankovec, Ivan232863 38.20
460 Hesse, Peter232866 32.26
461 Ludgate, Alan232774 31.33
462 Neukirch, Detlef232776 36.39
463 Gunev, Zlatan232673 31.41
464 Lebredo, Gerardo232658 26.41
465 Manasterski, Lutoslaw232563 39.88
466 Kaiszauri, Konstanty232470 24.18
467 Franzen, Jozef232363 30.90
468 Gutman, Lev232368 31.26
469 Rigo, Janos232163 28.18
470 Cafferty, Bernard232067 42.51
471 Spacek, Petr232065 22.84
472 Osterman, Rudolf231969 30.44
473 Nowak, Ignacy231962 27.96
474 Link, Hugo E231672 23.29
475 Gereben, Ernö231664 69.54
476 Wibe, Terje231573 29.23
477 Cardoso, Radolfo Tan231560
478 Skrobek, Ryszard231576 25.49
479 Helmertz, Per Inge231576
480 Hoen, Ragnar231369 36.24
481 Rodriguez Cordoba, Jesus R231270 27.54
482 Ardiansyah, Haji231274 25.07
483 Niklasson, Christer231166 23.98
484 Marszalek, Rafal231171 36.09
485 Haik, Aldo231171 24.20
486 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich231058 20.97
487 Van der Vliet, Fredrik230968
488 Ftácnik, Lubomír230965 19.17
489 Medina García, Antonio A230865 57.25
490 Mueller, Klaus Uwe230861
491 Sikora Lerch, Jan230864
492 Baumbach, Friedrich230864 41.31
493 Fraguela Gil, Jose Miguel230654
494 Prochownik, Franciszek230574 42.12
495 Ujtelky, Maximilián230573 61.70
496 Delgado, Alberto230576
497 Day, Lawrence A230369 27.91
498 Trois, Francisco RT230364
499 Savic, Andre230173
500 Menvielle Lacourrelle, Augusto230060 38.38

These ratings, calculated as of December 31, 1976, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between January 1, 1976 and December 31, 1976, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of December 31, 1975. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of December 31, 1976. This represents the player's estimated strength on January 1, 1977.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on January 1, 1977. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on January 1, 1977 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on January 1, 1977. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on December 31, 1976. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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