< April 30, 1978     Back to date list    August 31, 1978 >

Top 10 active players as of June 30, 1978

  #  

Player Rating +/-
1 Karpov, Anatoly E278950
2 Korchnoi, Viktor L276450
3 Tal, Mikhail270649
4 Spassky, Boris V270350
5 Petrosian, Tigran V268949
6 Polugaevsky, Lev A268850
7 Larsen, Bent268350
8 Portisch, Lajos267750
9 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V266250
10 Gulko, Boris F265849

About these ratings

Top 500 active players as of June 30, 1978

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Karpov, Anatoly E27895050.2% #327.10
2 Korchnoi, Viktor L27645027.1% #547.27
3 Tal, Mikhail2706493.8% #1741.64
4 Spassky, Boris V2703503.5% #1841.42
5 Petrosian, Tigran V2689492.0% #2349.04
6 Polugaevsky, Lev A2688502.0% #2343.61
7 Larsen, Bent2683501.5% #2643.32
8 Portisch, Lajos2677501.2% #2941.24
9 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V2662500.5% #3733.76
10 Gulko, Boris F2658490.4% #3931.39
11 Vaganian, Rafael A2658500.5% #4026.71
12 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir2657510.5% #4127.66
13 Mecking, Henrique2655560.9% #4426.44
14 Balashov, Yury S2654490.3% #4129.30
15 Hort, Vlastimil2652480.3% #4234.47
16 Timman, Jan H2649480.2% #4526.54
17 Vasiukov, Evgeny A2649570.6% #4945.32
18 Kuzmin, Gennady P2642490.1% #5032.45
19 Geller, Efim P2641500.2% #5153.33
20 Romanishin, Oleg M2640490.1% #5126.47
21 Dorfman, Iosif D2639510.2% #5326.16
22 Hübner, Robert2636520.2% #5629.65
23 Smyslov, Vassily V2635500.1% #5557.27
24 Beliavsky, Alexander G2634510.2% #5724.54
25 Savon, Vladimir A2633510.2% #5937.76
26 Tukmakov, Vladimir B2626500.1% #6332.29
27 Kholmov, Ratmir D2625540.1% #6553.13
28 Miles, Anthony J262348 #6423.19
29 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y2622590.2% #7034.15
30 Ribli, Zoltán262051 #6826.81
31 Gufeld, Eduard E2617580.2% #7442.28
32 Lerner, Konstantin Z2617550.1% #7328.34
33 Bagirov, Vladimir K2616520.1% #7241.87
34 Krogius, Nikolay V2614630.3% #8047.93
35 Browne, Walter S2613510.1% #7429.47
36 Dvoretsky, Mark I2613620.2% #8030.56
37 Ivanov, Igor V2612640.3% #8331.48
38 Kurajica, Bojan2611530.1% #7630.62
39 Gligoric, Svetozar261150 #7555.41
40 Chekhov, Valery A2609610.1% #8222.59
41 Kupreichik, Viktor D260356 #8528.98
42 Marangunic, Srdjan2602740.4% #9734.66
43 Bronstein, David I260151 #8554.36
44 Gipslis, Aivars260153 #8641.39
45 Parma, Bruno259856 #8936.50
46 Kavalek, Lubomir259749 #8734.88
47 Razuvaev, Yury S2597570.1% #9332.72
48 Smejkal, Jan259650 #8832.27
49 Gheorghiu, Florin259153 #9534.23
50 Palatnik, Semen A259059 #9928.26
51 Sax, Gyula259049 #9327.03
52 Unzicker, Wolfgang2589610.1% #10253.01
53 Sanguinetti, Raúl C258858 #10045.41
54 Kochiev, Alexander258752 #9822.26
55 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E258351 #10128.38
56 Andersson, Ulf258348 #9927.01
57 Sosonko, Gennadi258049 #10235.12
58 Liberzon, Vladimir M258054 #10641.27
59 Byrne, Robert E258050 #10350.19
60 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B2579620.1% #11223.62
61 Uhlmann, Wolfgang257849 #10443.25
62 Panno, Oscar R257751 #10543.29
63 Lein, Anatoly257655 #11047.26
64 Szabó, László257659 #11361.28
65 Ivkov, Borislav257550 #10744.63
66 Zaitsev, Igor A257462 #11640.09
67 Taimanov, Mark E257452 #11052.40
68 Pfleger, Helmut257361 #11634.89
69 Olafsson, Fridrik257351 #11043.43
70 Darga, Klaus V2573730.1% #12544.35
71 Matanovic, Aleksandar257258 #11648.10
72 Kapengut, Albert Z2570660.1% #12233.98
73 Alburt, Lev O257050 #11332.85
74 Averbakh, Yury L256963 #12256.39
75 Suetin, Alexey S256255 #12451.62
76 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N256154 #12432.20
77 Zakharov, Alexander V256060 #12834.73
78 Tarjan, James E255851 #12526.36
79 Georgadze, Tamaz V255756 #12830.64
80 Sakharov, A.255768 #136
81 Nei, Iivo255567 #13746.66
82 Klovans, Janis255557 #13243.22
83 Torre, Eugenio255450 #12826.65
84 Karasev, Vladimir I255468 #13940.04
85 Panchenko, Alexander N255357 #13324.73
86 Knaak, Rainer F255351 #12925.29
87 Lombardy, William J255253 #13140.57
88 Ubilava, Elizbar E255267 #13927.84
89 Malich, Burkhard G255158 #13541.59
90 Vokác, Marek255066 #14119.56
91 Tseitlin, Mark D2550740.1% #14634.77
92 Timoshchenko, Gennady254859 #13929.17
93 Adorján, András254851 #13428.25
94 Grigorian, Karen A254754 #13630.81
95 Najdorf, Miguel254655 #13768.21
96 Evans, Larry M254661 #14146.27
97 Bukic, Enver254553 #13840.58
98 Matulovic, Milan254554 #13943.05
99 Stean, Michael F254552 #13724.82
100 Rogoff, Kenneth S254455 #13925.27
101 Tringov, Georgy P254458 41.31
102 Makarichev, Sergey Y254162 24.62
103 Knezevic, Milorad254153 41.66
104 Radulov, Ivan254056 39.48
105 Nikolac, Juraj253957 46.19
106 Vitolinš, Alvis253961 32.04
107 Petrushin, Alexander I253864 31.30
108 Velimirovic, Dragoljub253752 36.13
109 Csom, István253650 38.08
110 Grefe, John A253560 30.81
111 Peters, John A253456 27.39
112 Filip, Miroslav253459 49.67
113 Pachmann, Ludek253358 54.13
114 Platonov, Igor V252962 44.45
115 Ree, Hans252750 33.79
116 Quinteros, Miguel A252749 30.51
117 Shamkovich, Leonid A252653 55.08
118 Hecht, Hans-Joachim252364 39.42
119 Zhuravliov, Valerij252367 39.55
120 Sigurjónsson, Gudmundur252251 30.76
121 Schneider, Lars Ake252156
122 Katalymov, Boris N252071
123 Weinstein, Norman251856 27.74
124 Lutikov, Anatoly S251855 45.40
125 Faragó, Iván251850 32.24
126 Benko, Pal C251854 49.95
127 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz251753 35.22
128 Vogt, Lothar H251651 26.45
129 Díez del Corral, Jesús251567 45.23
130 Regan, Kenneth251559 18.80
131 Luczak, Andrzej251466 29.57
132 Kovacevic, Vladimir251459 36.26
133 Vukcevich, Milan R251464
134 Hulak, Krunoslav251454 27.10
135 Averkin, Orest N251371 34.35
136 Vukic, Milan251353 34.86
137 Reshevsky, Samuel H251256 66.59
138 Jansa, Vlastimil251251 35.59
139 Stoica, Valentin251060 28.37
140 Doroshkievich, Vladimir K251072 40.51
141 Kasparov, Garry K251062 15.21
142 Petrosian, Arshak B251057 24.54
143 Faibisovich, Vadim Z250967 34.14
144 Peresipkin, Vladimir250860
145 Keene, Raymond250853
146 Antoshin, Vladimir S250672 49.13
147 Maric, Rudolf250675 51.13
148 Pribyl, Josef250653 30.72
149 Ciocaltea, Victor250556 46.45
150 Murey, Yakov250468 36.90
151 Donner, Johannes H250454 50.98
152 García Gonzáles, Guillermo250356 24.56
153 Rajkovic, Dusan250355 36.04
154 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I250164 44.63
155 Dolmatov, Sergey V249867 19.36
156 Stanciu, Traian249874 42.79
157 Rodriguez, Amador249761 21.81
158 Piasetski, Leon David249764
159 Lengyel, Levente249654 45.05
160 Dueball, Juergen249676 33.25
161 Bilek, István249561 45.88
162 Schweber, Samuel249464 41.95
163 Lputian, Smbat G249371 20.38
164 Calvo Minguez, Ricardo249261 34.69
165 Kirov Ivanov, Nino249153 32.81
166 Tatai, Stefano249152 40.27
167 Hermann, Manfred249168 35.83
168 Yuferov, Sergey N249072 32.57
169 Biyiasas, Peter249056 27.61
170 Sanguinetti, Renato248968 62.19
171 Radev, Nikolai248867 39.53
172 Kaplan, Julio P248758 27.92
173 Mariotti, Sergio248754 31.88
174 Nemet, Ivan248768 35.21
175 Karaklajic, Nikola248571 52.35
176 Barczay, Laszlo248551 42.36
177 Prandstetter, Eduard248555 29.54
178 Balinas, Rosendo Carrean248562
179 Bleiman, Yaacov248466 30.81
180 Gaprindashvili, Nona248457 37.16
181 Lukin, Andrei M248368 29.83
182 Simic, Radoslav248274 30.06
183 Soltis, Andrew E248156 31.09
184 Portisch, Ferenc248155 39.22
185 Espig, Lutz248051 29.48
186 Suba, Mihai248054 31.08
187 Mednis, Edmar J248056 41.27
188 Rodriguez, Ruben247976 31.56
189 Rath, Ulrik247968 31.51
190 Pereszupkin, Alexander247872
191 Mohrlok, Dieter247873
192 Zuckerman, Bernard247756 35.25
193 Podgaets, Mikhail Y247675 30.93
194 Ghizdavu, Dumitru247663 29.11
195 Hartston, William R247556 30.88
196 Kristiansen, Jens247562 26.10
197 Nunn, John D M247456 23.18
198 Commons, Kim S247358 26.93
199 Lederman, Leon247261 31.10
200 Ciric, Dragoljub M247275 42.63
201 Marovic, Dražen247260 40.46
202 Szekely, Peter247257 23.39
203 Sofrevski, Jovan247063 42.86
204 Gerusel, Mathias247061 40.40
205 Johannsson, Ingi Randver247074
206 Planinc, Albin246953 34.20
207 Ungureanu, Emil246862 41.66
208 Padevsky, Nikola B246758 45.09
209 Karner, Hillar246761 42.92
210 Antunac, Goran246773 33.20
211 Mnatsakanian, Eduard A246665 39.56
212 Kraidman, Yair246659 45.66
213 Hug, Werner246556 25.80
214 Christiansen, Larry M246555 22.01
215 Marjanovic, Slavoljub246455 23.48
216 Sunye Neto, Jaime246358 21.16
217 Hernandez, Roman246354 28.60
218 Vadasz, Laszlo246252 30.42
219 Garcia Martinez, Silvino246262 33.98
220 Spassov, Liuben246256 35.27
221 Forintos, Gyözö V246258 42.91
222 Pintér, József246054 24.64
223 Diesen, Mark C246053
224 Jakobsen, Ole245965 35.70
225 Jansson, Borje245874 36.30
226 Van Wijgerden, Cornelis245861 28.10
227 Hazai, Laszlo245754 25.04
228 Ermenkov, Evgenij245754 28.75
229 Nikolaevsky, Yuri V245674
230 Dely, Peter245661 43.98
231 Atanasov, Petko245573 30.46
232 Zaichik, Gennady L245561 21.38
233 Ftácnik, Lubomír245551 20.67
234 Ghitescu, Theodor245554 44.43
235 Barle, Janez245459 26.27
236 Martz, William E245472
237 Ghinda, Mihail Viorel245463 28.92
238 O'Kelly de Galway, Albéric245475 67.12
239 Martinovic, Slobodan245464 32.92
240 Bisguier, Arthur B245358 48.73
241 Malaniuk, Vladimir P245373 20.94
242 Gusev, Vladimir A245271
243 Mestel, A Jonathan245155 21.30
244 Kozlov, V.245067
245 Popov, Luben245058 42.42
246 Robatsch, Karl244958 49.71
247 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y244965 21.44
248 Damjanovic, Mato244957 51.27
249 Honfi, Karoly244858 47.68
250 Vaisser, Anatoli244874 29.32
251 Zilberstein, Valery I244674 35.21
252 Bohosjan, Sarkis244673 37.26
253 Sahovic, Dragutin244657 37.89
254 Řgaard, Leif244658 26.48
255 Westerinen, Heikki MJ244552 34.17
256 Rukavina, Josip244456 35.59
257 Cvetkovic, Srdjan244362 32.34
258 Castro Rojas, Oscar Humberto244252 25.14
259 Inkiov, Ventzislav244164 22.11
260 Minic, Dragoljub244165 41.32
261 Janoševic, Dragoljub244162 54.97
262 Poutiainen, Pertti244163
263 Minev, Nikolay N244164 47.48
264 Toth, Bela244063 35.20
265 Dueckstein, Andreas244076 50.90
266 Cuéllar Gacharná, Miguel243868 61.62
267 Kuijpers, Franciscus Antonius243862
268 Lukacs, Peter243652 27.97
269 Hamann, Svend243668 37.73
270 Haag, Ervin243668 45.47
271 Ivanovic, Božidar243654 31.84
272 Meduna, Eduard243657 27.80
273 Sznapik, Aleksander243654 27.39
274 Langeweg, Kick243655 41.31
275 Brasket, Curt Justin243467
276 Sydor, Andrzej243465 41.49
277 Witkowski, Stefan243462 46.76
278 Krnic, Zdenko243372 30.74
279 Pomar Salamanca, Arturo243359 46.83
280 Ignatiev, Felix N243372 46.47
281 Haygarth, Michael J243175
282 Lakic, Nikola243173 30.95
283 Grinberg, Ricardo243164 30.46
284 Ornstein, Axel243053 26.18
285 Mascarinas, Rico243057 25.33
286 Mestrovic, Zvonimir242963 33.70
287 Williams, Arthur Howard242968
288 Matera, Salvatore Joseph242858
289 Messing, Hrvoje242874 37.92
290 Ligterink, Gert242852 28.62
291 Barcza, Gedeon242864 66.85
292 Guimard, Carlos E242872 65.23
293 Adamski, Jan242850 34.63
294 Seirawan, Yasser242864 18.27
295 Szmetan, Jorge242755 28.09
296 Goodman, David SC242766
297 Eising, Johannes242669 43.08
298 Gutman, Lev242666 32.76
299 Augustin, Josef242652 36.12
300 Brond, Victor242675
301 Bronstein, Luis242458 32.08
302 Flesch, Janos242358 44.75
303 Rubinetti, Jorge A242260 33.25
304 Garcia, Raimundo242163 42.09
305 Biriescu, Ioan242166 24.68
306 Raicevic, Vladimir242156 29.16
307 Bednarski, Jacek B242057 39.30
308 Hase, Juan Carlos242061
309 Kagan, Shimon241953 36.23
310 Partos, Charles241962 41.88
311 Rogulj, Branko241976 26.91
312 Bohm, Hans241753 28.46
313 Pytel, Krzysztof241762 33.12
314 Botterill, George Steven241656
315 Plachetka, Jan241652 33.37
316 Emma, Jaime J241660 40.45
317 Doda, Zbigniew241558 47.36
318 Gofshtein, Leonid D241566 25.19
319 Kotov, Alexander A241473 64.88
320 Bellin, Robert241458 25.99
321 Rossetto, Héctor D241361 55.81
322 Kosikov, Alexey I241371 29.35
323 Velikov, Petar241363 27.25
324 Ostojic, Predrag241255 40.36
325 Kovacs, Laszlo M241257 39.73
326 Soos, Bela241167 48.31
327 Godes, Dmitry R241075 38.92
328 Eslon, Jaan240965 26.32
329 Liebert, Heinz240955 42.10
330 Lechtynsky, Jiri240956 30.60
331 Enklaar, Bertus F240965
332 Akvist, Hakan240868 36.67
333 Bertok, Mario240875 48.83
334 Peev, Peicho Chonev240759 38.24
335 Spiridonov, Nikola240754 40.34
336 Trapl, Jindrich240764 36.27
337 Webb, Simon240653 29.05
338 Eolian, Levon S240673 18.79
339 Kestler, Hans-Günter240659 38.55
340 Pritchett, Craig William240563
341 Debarnot, Roberto240460 30.89
342 Wirthensohn, Heinz240456 27.15
343 Penrose, Jonathan240472 44.73
344 Ostermeyer, Peter240369 34.72
345 Jelen, Iztok240372 31.45
346 Bönsch, Uwe240256 19.71
347 Pokojowczyk, Jerzy240254 29.36
348 Zwaig, Arne240264
349 Sikora Lerch, Jan240154
350 Ilievski, Dimitar240167 36.84
351 Nicevski, Risto240159 33.01
352 Bukal, Vladimir Sr240074 38.66
353 Franklin, Michael J240066 47.41
354 Moehring, Guenther240054 41.60
355 Wockenfuss, Klaus240069 26.83
356 Cuartas, Carlos240062 37.87
357 Hartoch, Robert G239956
358 Deze, Anton239862
359 Jamieson, Robert Murray239872
360 Butnorius, Algimantas239675 31.61
361 Watson, John L239473 26.82
362 Garcia, Luis E239367
363 Rajna, George239159 31.38
364 Filipowicz, Andrzej239157 40.13
365 Cuasnicu, Oscar239066 35.68
366 Banas, Jan239054 31.07
367 Rohde, Michael A238960 18.84
368 Taulbut, Shaun M238964 20.47
369 Rocha, Antonio238969 34.05
370 Dake, Arthur William238976 68.23
371 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes238858 34.98
372 Pohla, Harry238870 37.98
373 Speelman, Jonathan S238857 21.74
374 Neckar, Lubomir238861 27.90
375 Visier Segovia, Fernando238658 35.41
376 Pétursson, Margeir238657 18.37
377 Skrobek, Ryszard238461 26.98
378 Basman, Michael J238461 32.29
379 Alexandria, Nana238374 28.71
380 Tompa, Janos238356 31.17
381 Vaisman, Volodia238260 40.51
382 Huss, Andreas238261 27.71
383 Formanek, Edward W238258 36.15
384 Van Riemsdijk, Herman C238257 29.84
385 Garcia, Gildardo238264 24.31
386 Gavrikov, Victor N238167 20.91
387 Silva, Fernando238166 27.90
388 Harandi, Khosro238165 27.83
389 Andre, Wolfgang237967 25.28
390 Hindle, Owen M237972 38.29
391 Rigo, Janos237960 29.67
392 Garcia Padron, Jose237958 20.27
393 Veinger, Itzhak237868 39.98
394 Kuligowski, Adam237765 22.52
395 Kozma, Julius237771 49.08
396 Korsunsky, Rostislav R237573
397 Navarovszky, Laszlo237471 45.24
398 Kataev, V.237376
399 Horvath, Tamas237360 26.69
400 Gasic, Bozidar237374 40.72
401 Lombard, Andre237256 27.78
402 Georgiev, Krum237274 20.10
403 Iskov, Gert237162 29.92
404 Mortensen, Erling237162 23.23
405 Law, Andrew P237062 27.97
406 Fedorowicz, John P237055 19.76
407 Szymczak, Zbigniew236962 26.49
408 Ervin, Roy C236972 27.49
409 Kostro, Jerzy236762 41.43
410 Schussler, Harry236767 21.02
411 Hesse, Peter236759 33.75
412 Segal, Alexandru Sorin236758 30.74
413 Schinzel, Wladyslaw236656 35.11
414 Olafsson, Helgi236657 21.87
415 Van der Sterren, Paul236554 22.29
416 Hausner, Ivan236565 26.21
417 Zinn, Lothar236471 40.28
418 Bjelajac, Milan236474 30.29
419 Filguth, Rubens A236461 22.27
420 Mishuchkov, Nikolai M236376 32.34
421 Szilágyi, György236259 56.98
422 Whiteley, Andrew J236261 31.06
423 Hoi, Carsten236175 21.45
424 Vilela, Jose Luis236170 25.28
425 Maciejewski, Andrzej236066 26.97
426 Sibarevic, Milenko235973 33.30
427 Helmers, Knut J235959 21.40
428 Heuer, Valter235870 49.95
429 Cámpora, Daniel H235861 20.99
430 Corden, Martyn J235774
431 Grigorov, Jordan N235774 24.56
432 Lanc, Alois235776 30.37
433 Orso, Miklos235664 22.06
434 Taylor, Timothy235669 25.39
435 Tan Lian Ann235667
436 Haik, Aldo235565 25.70
437 Merdinjan, Agop235576 29.15
438 Nogueiras, Jesus235464 18.95
439 Brueggemann, Joachim235369 26.74
440 Borkowski, Franciszek235367 20.91
441 Trabattoni, Franco235374 22.13
442 Bachtiar, Arovah235275 44.26
443 Macles, Jacques235275 32.97
444 Mihaljcisin, Mihajlo235267 45.36
445 Sapi, Laszlo235158 43.28
446 Tisdall, Jonathan D235062 19.84
447 Bellon Lopez, Juan Manuel235054 28.14
448 Van der Vliet, Fredrik234960
449 Meyer, E.234869
450 Kopec, Danny234871 24.34
451 Anelli, Antonio234867 34.13
452 Silva Sanchez, Carlos234870 34.03
453 Krivonosov, Oleg234873 17.13
454 Van Baarle, C John234769 33.20
455 Kim, V.234776
456 Estevez Morales, Guillermo234560
457 Fichtl, Jirí234466 57.37
458 Rosenlund, Thorbjorn234264 27.03
459 Kirpichnikov, Vladimir S234265
460 Rantanen, Yrjo A234266 28.19
461 Klaric, Zlatko234076 21.68
462 Sharif, Mershad233865 25.96
463 Fuller, Maxwell L233866 33.42
464 Minaya, Juan M233768
465 Ambroz, Jan233766 24.03
466 Littlewood, Paul E233664 22.45
467 Trois, Francisco RT233461
468 Boersma, Paulus A233471 29.95
469 Borngaesser, Rene233468 26.77
470 Lanka, Zigurds233466 18.11
471 Kluger, Guyla233470 64.46
472 Lehmann, Heinz Dr233463
473 Lekander, Rolf233376 31.49
474 Baumbach, Friedrich233270 42.81
475 Knox, Victor W233067 33.44
476 Magerramov, Elmar S233076 20.22
477 Garcia Palermo, Carlos233063 24.58
478 Fedder, Steen232968 27.04
479 Shirazi, Kamran G232967 25.61
480 Kristiansen, Erling232975 41.54
481 Boudy, Julio232868 27.05
482 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich232669 22.47
483 Lau, Ralf232576 18.70
484 Leibovich, D.232573
485 Petran, Pal232557 31.79
486 Arnason, Jon L232366 17.63
487 Clemens, Christian232374 37.89
488 Rostalski, Walter232276 25.48
489 Rayner, Emmanuel232172 20.05
490 Chiburdanidze, Maia G232063 17.45
491 Birnboim, Nathan232066 27.59
492 Wedberg, Tom232071 24.59
493 Bielczyk, Jacek232060 25.35
494 Mueller, Klaus Uwe231966
495 Gross, Stefan231965 28.83
496 Gunev, Zlatan231972 32.91
497 Swic, Waldemar231865 25.30
498 Tichy, Vladimir231865 31.74
499 Starck, Bodo231868 43.71
500 Povah, Nigel E231764 25.95

These ratings, calculated as of June 30, 1978, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between July 1, 1977 and June 30, 1978, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of June 30, 1977. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of June 30, 1978. This represents the player's estimated strength on July 1, 1978.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on July 1, 1978. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on July 1, 1978 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on July 1, 1978. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on June 30, 1978. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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