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Top 10 active players as of November 30, 1981


Top 500 active players as of November 30, 1981

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Karpov, Anatoly E27914951.6% #330.52
2 Korchnoi, Viktor L27464814.9% #850.69
3 Kasparov, Garry K27415012.8% #918.63
4 Timman, Jan H2712484.2% #1629.95
5 Polugaevsky, Lev A2691502.2% #2347.03
6 Tal, Mikhail2690491.8% #2345.06
7 Portisch, Lajos2689491.7% #2444.65
8 Psakhis, Lev B2681511.5% #2923.00
9 Beliavsky, Alexander G2676490.9% #3027.95
10 Petrosian, Tigran V2672500.8% #3352.45
11 Gulko, Boris F2671531.1% #3434.81
12 Spassky, Boris V2671500.9% #3344.83
13 Romanishin, Oleg M2669480.6% #3329.89
14 Hübner, Robert2666500.7% #3633.07
15 Andersson, Ulf2663480.4% #3630.43
16 Dolmatov, Sergey V2661500.5% #3922.78
17 Balashov, Yury S2657500.4% #4132.72
18 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V2652490.3% #4437.18
19 Larsen, Bent2646480.2% #4846.74
20 Ribli, Zoltán2642510.2% #5230.23
21 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir2640490.1% #5231.08
22 Smyslov, Vassily V2638520.2% #5560.68
23 Hort, Vlastimil2638480.1% #5437.88
24 Vaganian, Rafael A2632500.1% #5930.12
25 Sosonko, Gennadi2631490.1% #5938.53
26 Kavalek, Lubomir2628500.1% #6238.31
27 Bronstein, David I2624540.1% #6757.78
28 Geller, Efim P262151 #6956.74
29 Gheorghiu, Florin261850 #7037.65
30 Jussupow, Artur M2618500.1% #7021.80
31 Kholmov, Ratmir D2616630.3% #8156.55
32 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E261350 #7631.80
33 Browne, Walter S261350 #7532.89
34 Makarichev, Sergey Y261152 #7828.04
35 Miles, Anthony J260848 #7926.60
36 Lerner, Konstantin Z2606550.1% #8531.76
37 Dorfman, Iosif D260652 #8329.58
38 Christiansen, Larry M260650 #8225.43
39 Seirawan, Yasser260250 #8521.68
40 Savon, Vladimir A2601570.1% #9141.18
41 Kupreichik, Viktor D260151 #8632.41
42 Smejkal, Jan259950 #8935.69
43 Kuzmin, Gennady P259750 #9035.86
44 Gufeld, Eduard E259652 #9245.70
45 Vasiukov, Evgeny A259652 #9348.73
46 Sax, Gyula259650 #9130.45
47 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N259651 #9235.62
48 Parma, Bruno259359 #9939.91
49 Taimanov, Mark E259256 #9955.81
50 Gipslis, Aivars259155 #9944.81
51 Tukmakov, Vladimir B259153 #9835.71
52 Eingorn, Viacheslav S2590660.1% #10725.01
53 Kochiev, Alexander2590590.1% #10225.68
54 Gligoric, Svetozar258752 #10058.83
55 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B258652 #10227.03
56 Averbakh, Yury L2586710.1% #11559.81
57 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y258658 #10637.57
58 Panchenko, Alexander N258455 #10528.15
59 Kurajica, Bojan258451 #10434.04
60 Palatnik, Semen A258360 #10931.68
61 Georgadze, Tamaz V258353 #10534.06
62 Chernin, Alexander M258159 #11221.73
63 Razuvaev, Yury S258051 #10736.14
64 Petrosian, Arshak B257955 #11127.95
65 Ftácnik, Lubomír257750 #11024.08
66 Nunn, John D M257651 #11026.60
67 Veingold, Aleksander257361 #12028.14
68 Unzicker, Wolfgang257155 #11956.43
69 Szabó, László2571730.1% #13064.70
70 Kharitonov, Andrey Y257057 #12022.65
71 Vitolinš, Alvis257057 #12135.46
72 Tseitlin, Mikhail S256958 #12434.45
73 Alburt, Lev O256852 #11936.27
74 Evans, Larry M256664 #13049.69
75 Yurtaev, Leonid2565690.1% #13322.58
76 Olafsson, Fridrik256460 #12846.84
77 Gorelov, Sergey G256458 #12824.28
78 Vyzmanavin, Alexey256265 #13221.91
79 Kapengut, Albert Z256269 #13637.40
80 Agzamov, Georgy T256257 #12927.23
81 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I256261 #13248.05
82 Liberzon, Vladimir M256153 #12644.69
83 Bagirov, Vladimir K256152 #12645.29
84 Ivkov, Borislav256149 #12548.05
85 Ivanov, Igor V256061 #13334.89
86 Uhlmann, Wolfgang255950 #12746.67
87 Byrne, Robert E255953 #12953.61
88 Panno, Oscar R255855 #13246.70
89 Lein, Anatoly255651 #13050.67
90 Knaak, Rainer F255549 #13028.70
91 Nemet, Ivan255562 #13838.63
92 Stean, Michael F255352 #13328.24
93 Kremenetsky, Anatoly M255265 #14242.88
94 Timoshchenko, Gennady255154 #13732.59
95 Pachmann, Ludek255165 #14357.55
96 Adorján, András254951 #13631.66
97 Darga, Klaus V254972 #14947.77
98 Grigorian, Karen A254859 #14334.23
99 Tarjan, James E254756 #14129.77
100 Csom, István254749 #13741.49
101 Didishko, Vereslav254764 32.64
102 Najdorf, Miguel254657 71.62
103 Quinteros, Miguel A254551 33.92
104 Tringov, Georgy P254456 44.73
105 Matanovic, Aleksandar254463 51.52
106 Torre, Eugenio254350 30.07
107 Gavrikov, Victor N254257 24.34
108 Lombardy, William J254259 43.98
109 Anikaev, Yury254158 33.42
110 Kovacevic, Vladimir254158 39.68
111 Vogt, Lothar H254049 29.87
112 Cebalo, Mišo253953 36.82
113 Ivanovic, Božidar253953 35.27
114 Filip, Miroslav253767 53.09
115 Nei, Iivo253561 50.08
116 Faragó, Iván253449 35.66
117 Simic, Radoslav253456 33.47
118 Nikolac, Juraj253162 49.61
119 Speelman, Jonathan S253151 25.16
120 Pfleger, Helmut253162 38.32
121 Bukic, Enver253155 43.99
122 Ree, Hans253050 37.21
123 Keene, Raymond252952
124 Velimirovic, Dragoljub252852 39.55
125 Rogoff, Kenneth S252868 28.69
126 Kaplan, Julio P252667 31.35
127 Vukic, Milan252554 38.28
128 Yermolinsky, Alex V252461 23.63
129 Chekhov, Valery A252453 26.01
130 Lputian, Smbat G252455 23.79
131 van der Wiel, John T H252351 22.31
132 Matulovic, Milan251955 46.47
133 Ivanov, Alexander V251962 25.58
134 Pintér, József251954 28.06
135 Shamkovich, Leonid A251852 58.50
136 Zaitsev, Igor A251659 43.51
137 Azmaiparashvili, Zurab A251661 21.70
138 Suetin, Alexey S251554 55.04
139 Murey, Yakov251574 40.33
140 Suba, Mihai251454 34.50
141 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz251350 38.64
142 Nikolic, Zivoslav251158 27.96
143 Stoica, Valentin251160 31.79
144 Reshevsky, Samuel H251057 70.01
145 Magerramov, Elmar S251058 23.64
146 Marjanovic, Slavoljub250956 26.90
147 Bleiman, Yaacov250874 34.23
148 Biyiasas, Peter250856 31.03
149 Karner, Hillar250763 46.34
150 Chandler, Murray G250550 21.65
151 Feustel, Bernd250558 27.19
152 Karlsson, Lars250550 26.38
153 Marovic, Dražen250562 43.88
154 Popovic, Petar250552 22.79
155 Jansa, Vlastimil250450 39.01
156 Díez del Corral, Jesús250462 48.65
157 Espig, Lutz250351 32.90
158 Shereshevsky, Mikhail I250273 31.61
159 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y250162 24.86
160 Zaltsman, Vitaly F250159 40.09
161 Malich, Burkhard G250057 45.00
162 Mnatsakanian, Eduard A249966 42.98
163 Lukacs, Peter249951 31.39
164 Ermenkov, Evgenij249952 32.17
165 Gruenfeld, Yehuda249855 25.76
166 Klovans, Janis249758 46.64
167 Řgaard, Leif249763 29.90
168 Kraidman, Yair249671 49.08
169 Cámpora, Daniel H249655 24.42
170 Sturua, Zurab249468 22.48
171 Barczay, Laszlo249352 45.77
172 Popov, Luben249354 45.84
173 Radulov, Ivan249255 42.90
174 Antoshin, Vladimir S249260 52.54
175 Benko, Pal C249261 53.37
176 Thipsay, Praveen Mahadeo249173 22.30
177 Bilek, István249176 49.30
178 Yudasin, Leonid G249162 22.31
179 Ciocaltea, Victor248953 49.87
180 Georgiev, Krum248856 23.52
181 Calvo Minguez, Ricardo248867 38.11
182 Hulak, Krunoslav248758 30.51
183 Chiburdanidze, Maia G248654 20.87
184 Vorotnikov, Vladislav V248576 34.29
185 Vaisser, Anatoli248472 32.73
186 Regan, Kenneth248473 22.21
187 Lechtynsky, Jiri248452 34.01
188 Birnboim, Nathan248468 31.01
189 Velikov, Petar248455 30.67
190 Hermann, Manfred248372 39.25
191 Inkiov, Ventzislav248354 25.53
192 Platonov, Igor V248268 47.87
193 Lutikov, Anatoly S248167 48.82
194 Mednis, Edmar J248062 44.69
195 Ligterink, Gert248052 32.04
196 Burger, Karl248058 48.86
197 Meduna, Eduard248050 31.22
198 Donner, Johannes H248054 54.40
199 Tatai, Stefano248054 43.69
200 Grefe, John A247962 34.23
201 Knezevic, Milorad247852 45.08
202 Sigurjónsson, Gudmundur247654 34.18
203 Rogulj, Branko247661 30.33
204 Plachetka, Jan247550 36.78
205 Vokác, Marek247359 22.98
206 Buturin, Vladimir247365 38.03
207 Ubilava, Elizbar E247360 31.26
208 Peters, John A247254 30.80
209 Petrushin, Alexander I247261 34.72
210 Padevsky, Nikola B247162 48.50
211 Vera, Reynaldo247165 20.90
212 Skembris, Spyridon247158 23.77
213 Kuligowski, Adam247152 25.93
214 Minic, Dragoljub247072 44.73
215 Nikolic, Predrag246956 21.22
216 Rodriguez, Amador246965 25.23
217 Bisguier, Arthur B246963 52.14
218 Schneider, Lars Ake246954
219 Diesen, Mark C246968
220 Wittmann, Walter246762 33.71
221 Klaric, Zlatko246655 25.10
222 Podzielny, Karl Heinz246666 27.22
223 Portisch, Ferenc246657 42.64
224 Wedberg, Tom246656 28.01
225 Robatsch, Karl246659 53.13
226 Sunye Neto, Jaime246653 24.58
227 Ekstroem, Roland246469 25.52
228 Mestel, A Jonathan246452 24.71
229 Hazai, Laszlo246352 28.46
230 Bradford, Joseph M246363 31.08
231 Hartston, William R246357 34.30
232 Rukavina, Josip246361 39.00
233 deFirmian, Nicholas E246254 24.34
234 Ghinda, Mihail Viorel246254 32.35
235 Andrianov, Nikolai246263 19.94
236 Gaprindashvili, Nona246268 40.57
237 Dely, Peter246261 47.40
238 Groszpeter, Attila246253 21.47
239 Ornstein, Axel246252 29.60
240 Soltis, Andrew E246166 34.51
241 Van Wijgerden, Cornelis246162 31.52
242 Westerinen, Heikki MJ246052 37.59
243 Kirov Ivanov, Nino246051 36.22
244 Rajkovic, Dusan245952 39.45
245 Taulbut, Shaun M245859 23.88
246 Djuric, Stefan245853 26.34
247 Lobron, Eric245854 21.56
248 Hecht, Hans-Joachim245767 42.84
249 Zaichik, Gennady L245768 24.80
250 Forintos, Gyözö V245756 46.33
251 Schweber, Samuel245764 45.37
252 Bönsch, Uwe245651 23.12
253 Ungureanu, Emil245575 45.08
254 Qi Jingxuan245571 34.06
255 Mariotti, Sergio245555 35.30
256 Kengis, Edvins245560 22.63
257 Cramling, Dan245561 22.82
258 Hernandez, Roman245465 32.02
259 Taruffi, Daniele245466 23.24
260 Piasetski, Leon David245472
261 Schussler, Harry245352 24.43
262 Szmetan, Jorge245361 31.51
263 Lakic, Nikola245364 34.37
264 Lengyel, Levente245358 48.46
265 Mochalov, Evgeny V245268 30.09
266 Spassov, Liuben245251 38.69
267 Zapata, Alonso245164 23.27
268 Castro Rojas, Oscar Humberto245162 28.56
269 Martinovic, Slobodan245054 36.35
270 Rodriguez, Ruben245067 34.97
271 Szekely, Peter245058 26.81
272 Hamann, Svend245068 41.14
273 Kaufman, Larry C244975 34.04
274 Spiridonov, Nikola244953 43.76
275 Djukic, Zeljko244860 22.47
276 Henley, Ron W244757 24.98
277 Damjanovic, Mato244762 54.69
278 Nun, Jiri244759 24.34
279 Sahovic, Dragutin244757 41.31
280 Kogan, Boris244761
281 Makropoulos, Georgios244754 28.17
282 Bjelajac, Milan244668 33.71
283 Ghitescu, Theodor244660 47.85
284 Lederman, Leon244670 34.51
285 Gutman, Lev244670 36.18
286 Lengyel, Laszlo244575 37.39
287 Garcia, Raimundo244575 45.51
288 Raicevic, Vladimir244456 32.58
289 Hoelzl, Franz244457 35.65
290 Garcia, Gildardo244468 27.72
291 Hug, Werner244464 29.22
292 Haik, Aldo244460 29.11
293 Sideif Sade, Fikret I244365 29.91
294 Pribyl, Josef244351 34.13
295 Duer, Arne244262 22.39
296 Kindermann, Stefan244256 21.92
297 Vooremaa, Andres244162 37.36
298 Joksic, Sinisa244070 41.14
299 Rath, Ulrik244071 34.92
300 Kudrin, Sergey244058 22.23
301 Vadasz, Laszlo244053 33.84
302 Planinc, Albin243966 37.62
303 Hausner, Ivan243854 29.62
304 García Gonzáles, Guillermo243755 27.97
305 Uusi, Gunnar243763
306 Littlewood, Paul E243757 25.87
307 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes243561 38.40
308 Langeweg, Kick243551 44.73
309 Renman, Nils Gustaf243560
310 Mokrý, Karel243472 22.81
311 Toth, Bela243455 38.61
312 Adamski, Jan243452 38.05
313 Shirazi, Kamran G243363 29.02
314 Debarnot, Roberto243368 34.32
315 Doda, Zbigniew243373 50.77
316 Velickovic, Sasa243357 30.66
317 Hennings, Artur243262 41.38
318 Ostojic, Predrag243171 43.77
319 Wirthensohn, Heinz243158 30.57
320 Pomar Salamanca, Arturo243175 50.25
321 Sokolov, Andrey Y243165 18.69
322 Lau, Ralf243065 22.11
323 Mestrovic, Zvonimir243065 37.12
324 Luczak, Andrzej242954 32.98
325 Sydor, Andrzej242869 44.91
326 Pytel, Krzysztof242859 36.54
327 Antunac, Goran242766 36.62
328 Bohm, Hans242751 31.87
329 Mortensen, Erling242753 26.65
330 Brinck Claussen, Bjorn242657
331 Zichichi, Alvise242659 43.40
332 Cuartas, Carlos242662 41.29
333 Gerusel, Mathias242672 43.82
334 Trifunov, Dimitar242668 17.90
335 Despotovic, Momcilo242561 33.74
336 Tompa, Janos242563 34.58
337 Ostermeyer, Peter242568 38.13
338 Matera, Salvatore Joseph242572
339 Plaskett, Jim242465 21.70
340 Zivanovic, Ivan242466 18.66
341 Morovic Fernández, Iván E242371 18.68
342 Peev, Peicho Chonev242269 41.66
343 Kristiansen, Jens242156 29.51
344 Sjoberg, Mats242162 23.05
345 Augustin, Josef242158 39.53
346 Cvetkovic, Srdjan242057 35.76
347 Wockenfuss, Klaus242061 30.25
348 Dobrovolsky, Ladislav242064 30.93
349 Fedorowicz, John P242053 23.18
350 Flesch, Janos241964 48.17
351 Honfi, Karoly241964 51.10
352 Guimard, Carlos E241972 68.65
353 Law, Andrew P241964 31.39
354 Alexandria, Nana241956 32.13
355 Ciric, Dragoljub M241970 46.05
356 Kuijpers, Franciscus Antonius241871
357 Rantanen, Yrjo A241855 31.60
358 Kestler, Hans-Günter241762 41.96
359 Pétursson, Margeir241754 21.79
360 Helmers, Knut J241761 24.81
361 Reefschlaeger, Helmut241770 37.64
362 Bukal, Vladimir Sr241774 42.08
363 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich241655 25.89
364 Botterill, George Steven241666
365 Arbakov, Valentin241663 29.84
366 Balinas, Rosendo Carrean241466
367 Trapl, Jindrich241468 39.68
368 Webb, Simon241469 32.47
369 Garcia Martinez, Silvino241361 37.40
370 Jakobsen, Ole241357 39.11
371 Arnason, Jon L241354 21.05
372 Akesson, Ralf241258 20.81
373 Franco Ocampos, Zenon241262 25.55
374 Sisniega, Marcel241275 22.34
375 Strauss, David J241165 35.31
376 Fedder, Steen241065 30.46
377 Bellin, Robert241054 29.42
378 Sznapik, Aleksander241051 30.80
379 Kaiszauri, Konstanty241057 29.10
380 Pokojowczyk, Jerzy241055 32.77
381 Hase, Juan Carlos240966
382 Watson, John L240960 30.23
383 Prandstetter, Eduard240952 32.95
384 McCambridge, Vincent240960 21.73
385 Minev, Nikolay N240874 50.89
386 Borik, Otto240854 34.18
387 Ambroz, Jan240853 27.45
388 Ioseliani, Nana240871 19.80
389 Pritchett, Craig William240864
390 Frias, Victor J240561 25.80
391 Herzog, Adolf240558 28.48
392 Rubinetti, Jorge A240561 36.66
393 Kunsztowicz, Uwe240460 37.87
394 Bielczyk, Jacek240455 28.77
395 Garcia Palermo, Carlos240363 27.99
396 Morris, Walter D240366 23.24
397 Tomaszewski, Roman240360 21.54
398 Nogueiras, Jesus240272 22.37
399 Van der Sterren, Paul240254 25.70
400 Enklaar, Bertus F240269
401 Balshan, Amikam240171
402 Szymczak, Zbigniew240055 29.90
403 Moehring, Guenther240058 45.01
404 Hansson, Dan239969 29.47
405 Welin, Thomas239965 22.23
406 Kelecevic, Nedeljko239959 34.72
407 Fries Nielsen, Jens Ove239955 21.77
408 Scheeren, Peter239861 26.33
409 Deze, Anton239868
410 Hansen, Curt239861 17.20
411 Hoi, Carsten239754 24.87
412 Vetemaa, Juri239775 25.26
413 Tisdall, Jonathan D239765 23.26
414 Radev, Nikolai239761 42.94
415 Short, Nigel D239656 16.50
416 Krnic, Zdenko239657 34.16
417 Vilela, Jose Luis239654 28.70
418 Osmanovic, Kemal239667 40.73
419 Swic, Waldemar239663 28.72
420 Bohosjan, Sarkis239567 40.68
421 Vinje Gulbrandsen, Arne239473
422 Schoeneberg, Manfred239468 35.40
423 Banas, Jan239353 34.49
424 Bednarski, Jacek B239360 42.72
425 Barle, Janez239367 29.69
426 Filipowicz, Andrzej239264 43.55
427 Hebert, Jean239259 24.05
428 Olafsson, Helgi239158 25.29
429 Nurkic, Sahbaz239166 25.71
430 Brondum, Eric239062 39.95
431 Donchev, Dimitar I239068 23.36
432 Petran, Pal239058 35.21
433 Tischbierek, Raj239055 19.18
434 Danner, Georg239055 35.09
435 Franklin, Michael J238974 50.83
436 Cabrilo, Goran238955 23.41
437 Emma, Jaime J238966 43.87
438 Bouaziz, Slim238972 31.62
439 Goehring, Karl Heinz238967
440 Gonsior, Evzen238868 49.98
441 Ravikumar, Vaidyanathan238858 21.92
442 Dueckstein, Andreas238770 54.33
443 Gruchacz, Robert238673 27.99
444 Horvath, Tamas238555 30.10
445 Ernst, Thomas238462 21.29
446 Goodman, David SC238472
447 Kagan, Shimon238462 39.65
448 Wilder, Michael238364 19.20
449 Lukov, Valentin238159 25.96
450 Bronstein, Luis238166 35.49
451 Bajovic, Milan238073
452 Mascarinas, Rico237962 28.74
453 Cifuentes Parada, Roberto237973 23.94
454 Adamski, Andrzej237966 42.88
455 Coudari, Camille237875 30.34
456 Borm, Franciscus WM237868
457 Kouatly, Bachar237767 23.74
458 Segal, Alexandru Sorin237666 34.15
459 Iskov, Gert237653 33.34
460 Dobosz, Henryk237555 28.69
461 Przewoznik, Jan237561 24.20
462 Basman, Michael J237575 35.70
463 Bator, Zbigniew237571 29.98
464 Santos, Jose P237567 23.13
465 Filipovic, Branko237568 24.15
466 Hebden, Mark237468 23.79
467 Braga, Fernando237465 23.39
468 Benjamin, Joel L237457 17.72
469 Janoševic, Dragoljub237468 58.39
470 Sapi, Laszlo237463 46.69
471 Rumens, David E237370 42.19
472 Gauglitz, Gernot237362 19.42
473 Stefanov, Parik237360 27.07
474 Ost Hansen, Jacob237366
475 Neckar, Lubomir237260 31.33
476 Pavlov, Mircea237256 44.21
477 Soos, Bela237268 51.73
478 Van Riemsdijk, Herman C237261 33.26
479 Hartoch, Robert G237160
480 Spraggett, Kevin B237170 27.05
481 Bastian, Herbert237068 28.96
482 Schinzel, Wladyslaw237053 38.52
483 Arapovic, Vitomir237064 29.94
484 Barlov, Dragan236860 24.83
485 Cuasnicu, Oscar236875 39.10
486 Kristensen, Bjarke236858 25.64
487 Angantysson, Haukur236869 32.99
488 Jacobsen, Bo236772 32.96
489 Fernandez Garcia, Jose Luis236765 27.57
490 Flear, Glenn C236773 22.80
491 Zarubin, O.236776
492 Lieb, Harald236673 46.92
493 Budde, Vladimir236663 28.93
494 Rossetto, Héctor D236574 59.23
495 Wagman, Stuart236470 62.54
496 Partos, Charles236369 45.30
497 Rigo, Janos236358 33.09
498 Sloth, Jorn236264 37.23
499 Nicevski, Risto236259 36.42
500 Odendahl, Steven M236270 22.10

These ratings, calculated as of November 30, 1981, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between December 1, 1980 and November 30, 1981, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of November 30, 1980. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of November 30, 1981. This represents the player's estimated strength on December 1, 1981.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on December 1, 1981. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on December 1, 1981 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on December 1, 1981. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on November 30, 1981. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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