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Top 10 active players as of October 31, 1981


Top 500 active players as of October 31, 1981

  #  

Player Rating +/- Best? 75%? Age
1 Karpov, Anatoly E27924953.8% #330.44
2 Korchnoi, Viktor L27444814.3% #850.61
3 Kasparov, Garry K27325010.7% #1118.55
4 Timman, Jan H2706473.3% #1729.88
5 Portisch, Lajos2694492.2% #2244.57
6 Gulko, Boris F2688542.6% #2634.73
7 Tal, Mikhail2685491.6% #2644.97
8 Polugaevsky, Lev A2685501.6% #2646.94
9 Beliavsky, Alexander G2681491.5% #2727.87
10 Petrosian, Tigran V2670500.9% #3352.37
11 Spassky, Boris V2670500.9% #3344.75
12 Romanishin, Oleg M2666490.6% #3529.81
13 Andersson, Ulf2665480.5% #3530.34
14 Hübner, Robert2664500.6% #3732.98
15 Dolmatov, Sergey V2660510.6% #4022.70
16 Balashov, Yury S2658500.4% #4032.63
17 Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V2655490.3% #4237.10
18 Psakhis, Lev B2650520.3% #4622.92
19 Ribli, Zoltán2649500.2% #4630.15
20 Larsen, Bent2645480.1% #4846.66
21 Ljubojevic, Ljubomir2640490.1% #5230.99
22 Smyslov, Vassily V2637520.2% #5660.60
23 Hort, Vlastimil2637480.1% #5437.80
24 Sosonko, Gennadi2635490.2% #5638.45
25 Vaganian, Rafael A2633500.1% #5830.04
26 Kavalek, Lubomir2628500.1% #6238.23
27 Mikhalchishin, Adrian B2626540.1% #6626.95
28 Geller, Efim P2624510.1% #6656.66
29 Bronstein, David I2623540.1% #6857.70
30 Jussupow, Artur M2622510.1% #6721.72
31 Gheorghiu, Florin261850 #7037.57
32 Sveshnikov, Evgeny E261651 #7231.72
33 Kholmov, Ratmir D2615630.3% #8056.47
34 Kuzmin, Gennady P261351 #7435.78
35 Browne, Walter S261250 #7532.81
36 Makarichev, Sergey Y261052 #7827.95
37 Kupreichik, Viktor D260752 #8032.33
38 Miles, Anthony J260648 #7926.52
39 Lerner, Konstantin Z260555 #8431.67
40 Seirawan, Yasser260250 #8421.60
41 Christiansen, Larry M260150 #8525.34
42 Savon, Vladimir A2601570.1% #9041.10
43 Smejkal, Jan259650 #9035.61
44 Gufeld, Eduard E259552 #9145.62
45 Dorfman, Iosif D259553 #9229.50
46 Vasiukov, Evgeny A259552 #9248.65
47 Rashkovsky, Nukhim N259551 #9135.54
48 Parma, Bruno259358 #9839.84
49 Sax, Gyula259250 #9430.37
50 Taimanov, Mark E259156 #9955.73
51 Gipslis, Aivars259055 #9844.73
52 Eingorn, Viacheslav S2589660.1% #10624.93
53 Kochiev, Alexander258959 #10225.60
54 Gligoric, Svetozar258652 #10058.74
55 Averbakh, Yury L2585710.2% #11459.73
56 Dzindzichashvili, Roman Y258458 #10737.49
57 Panchenko, Alexander N258455 #10428.07
58 Kurajica, Bojan258251 #10333.95
59 Georgadze, Tamaz V258253 #10533.97
60 Palatnik, Semen A258260 #10931.60
61 Chernin, Alexander M258059 #11021.65
62 Razuvaev, Yury S257951 #10736.06
63 Petrosian, Arshak B257855 #11127.87
64 Ftácnik, Lubomír257750 #10724.00
65 Nunn, John D M257651 #10926.52
66 Veingold, Aleksander257261 #12028.06
67 Unzicker, Wolfgang257055 #11856.35
68 Szabó, László2570730.1% #12964.62
69 Kharitonov, Andrey Y256957 #12022.57
70 Vitolinš, Alvis256957 #12135.38
71 Tseitlin, Mikhail S256858 #12234.37
72 Alburt, Lev O256652 #12036.19
73 Evans, Larry M256564 #12949.61
74 Bagirov, Vladimir K256553 #12245.21
75 Yurtaev, Leonid2563690.1% #13322.50
76 Gorelov, Sergey G256358 #12724.20
77 Tukmakov, Vladimir B256356 #12635.63
78 Ivkov, Borislav256249 #12147.96
79 Vyzmanavin, Alexey256165 #13221.83
80 Kapengut, Albert Z256169 #13437.32
81 Liberzon, Vladimir M256152 #12544.61
82 Gurgenidze, Bukhuti I256161 #13047.96
83 Olafsson, Fridrik255959 #13246.76
84 Byrne, Robert E255853 #12853.53
85 Uhlmann, Wolfgang255850 #12646.59
86 Ivanov, Igor V255761 #13534.81
87 Panno, Oscar R255755 #13146.62
88 Timoshchenko, Gennady255658 #13332.51
89 Lein, Anatoly255551 #13050.59
90 Knaak, Rainer F255449 #12928.62
91 Nemet, Ivan255462 #13838.55
92 Kremenetsky, Anatoly M255165 #14242.80
93 Stean, Michael F255052 #13428.16
94 Tarjan, James E255055 #13729.69
95 Pachmann, Ludek255065 #14357.47
96 Csom, István255049 #13441.41
97 Adorján, András254851 #13631.58
98 Darga, Klaus V254872 #14947.69
99 Grigorian, Karen A254659 #14234.15
100 Didishko, Vereslav254664 #14532.56
101 Najdorf, Miguel254557 71.54
102 Torre, Eugenio254550 29.98
103 Tringov, Georgy P254355 44.65
104 Quinteros, Miguel A254251 33.84
105 Matanovic, Aleksandar254263 51.44
106 Lombardy, William J254259 43.91
107 Anikaev, Yury254058 33.34
108 Vogt, Lothar H253949 29.79
109 Kovacevic, Vladimir253958 39.60
110 Cebalo, Mišo253853 36.73
111 Ivanovic, Božidar253853 35.19
112 Filip, Miroslav253667 53.01
113 Murey, Yakov253668 40.24
114 Nei, Iivo253461 49.99
115 Simic, Radoslav253356 33.39
116 Speelman, Jonathan S253250 25.08
117 Faragó, Iván253149 35.58
118 Nikolac, Juraj253062 49.52
119 Bukic, Enver252955 43.91
120 Pfleger, Helmut252861 38.23
121 Velimirovic, Dragoljub252752 39.47
122 Rogoff, Kenneth S252768 28.61
123 Keene, Raymond252652
124 Kaplan, Julio P252567 31.27
125 Ree, Hans252450 37.13
126 Yermolinsky, Alex V252361 23.55
127 Vukic, Milan252354 38.20
128 Chekhov, Valery A252353 25.92
129 Lputian, Smbat G252355 23.71
130 Pintér, József252153 27.97
131 van der Wiel, John T H252151 22.23
132 Ivanov, Alexander V251862 25.50
133 Matulovic, Milan251855 46.39
134 Shamkovich, Leonid A251652 58.41
135 Suba, Mihai251654 34.41
136 Zaitsev, Igor A251559 43.43
137 Azmaiparashvili, Zurab A251561 21.62
138 Suetin, Alexey S251454 54.95
139 Schmidt, Wlodzimierz251250 38.56
140 Marjanovic, Slavoljub251055 26.82
141 Nikolic, Zivoslav251058 27.88
142 Stoica, Valentin251059 31.71
143 Reshevsky, Samuel H250957 69.92
144 Magerramov, Elmar S250958 23.56
145 Bleiman, Yaacov250774 34.15
146 Biyiasas, Peter250756 30.94
147 Karner, Hillar250663 46.26
148 Feustel, Bernd250558 27.11
149 Marovic, Dražen250462 43.80
150 Popovic, Petar250352 22.71
151 Chandler, Murray G250350 21.57
152 Espig, Lutz250251 32.82
153 Karlsson, Lars250250 26.30
154 Jansa, Vlastimil250250 38.92
155 Shereshevsky, Mikhail I250173 31.53
156 Gavrikov, Victor N250065 24.26
157 Vladimirov, Evgeny Y250062 24.78
158 Zaltsman, Vitaly F250059 40.01
159 Ermenkov, Evgenij249951 32.09
160 Malich, Burkhard G249957 44.92
161 Díez del Corral, Jesús249960 48.57
162 Mnatsakanian, Eduard A249866 42.90
163 Lukacs, Peter249751 31.31
164 Klovans, Janis249658 46.56
165 Kraidman, Yair249671 48.99
166 Gruenfeld, Yehuda249654 25.67
167 Řgaard, Leif249563 29.82
168 Cámpora, Daniel H249555 24.34
169 Vera, Reynaldo249463 20.81
170 Popov, Luben249353 45.76
171 Agzamov, Georgy T249365 27.15
172 Sturua, Zurab249368 22.40
173 Thipsay, Praveen Mahadeo249273 22.22
174 Barczay, Laszlo249252 45.69
175 Radulov, Ivan249155 42.81
176 Benko, Pal C249161 53.29
177 Antoshin, Vladimir S249160 52.46
178 Bilek, István249076 49.22
179 Georgiev, Krum248856 23.44
180 Lechtynsky, Jiri248752 33.93
181 Birnboim, Nathan248666 30.92
182 Calvo Minguez, Ricardo248667 38.02
183 Hulak, Krunoslav248658 30.43
184 Chiburdanidze, Maia G248554 20.79
185 Knezevic, Milorad248453 44.99
186 Vorotnikov, Vladislav V248476 34.20
187 Vaisser, Anatoli248372 32.65
188 Regan, Kenneth248373 22.13
189 Velikov, Petar248255 30.59
190 Ciocaltea, Victor248252 49.79
191 Inkiov, Ventzislav248254 25.45
192 Platonov, Igor V248168 47.79
193 Lutikov, Anatoly S248067 48.74
194 Burger, Karl248058 48.77
195 Mednis, Edmar J247962 44.61
196 Donner, Johannes H247954 54.32
197 Grefe, John A247962 34.15
198 Hermann, Manfred247970 39.17
199 Meduna, Eduard247851 31.14
200 Ligterink, Gert247852 31.95
201 Plachetka, Jan247850 36.70
202 Tatai, Stefano247854 43.61
203 Sigurjónsson, Gudmundur247554 34.10
204 Rogulj, Branko247561 30.25
205 Buturin, Vladimir247265 37.94
206 Vokác, Marek247259 22.90
207 Ubilava, Elizbar E247260 31.18
208 Nikolic, Predrag247156 21.14
209 Petrushin, Alexander I247161 34.64
210 Peters, John A247154 30.72
211 Kuligowski, Adam247052 25.85
212 Padevsky, Nikola B247062 48.42
213 Robatsch, Karl247058 53.05
214 Minic, Dragoljub246972 44.65
215 Mestel, A Jonathan246852 24.63
216 Bisguier, Arthur B246863 52.06
217 Diesen, Mark C246868
218 Wittmann, Walter246762 33.63
219 Schneider, Lars Ake246654
220 Damjanovic, Mato246671 54.61
221 Podzielny, Karl Heinz246566 27.14
222 Portisch, Ferenc246557 42.56
223 Klaric, Zlatko246555 25.02
224 Wedberg, Tom246355 27.92
225 Rodriguez, Amador246363 25.15
226 Ghinda, Mihail Viorel246354 32.27
227 Hazai, Laszlo246352 28.38
228 Sunye Neto, Jaime246253 24.49
229 Ekstroem, Roland246269 25.44
230 Hartston, William R246257 34.22
231 Bradford, Joseph M246263 30.99
232 Rukavina, Josip246261 38.92
233 deFirmian, Nicholas E246154 24.26
234 Gaprindashvili, Nona246168 40.49
235 Andrianov, Nikolai246163 19.86
236 Vranesic, Zvonko246174 43.07
237 Dely, Peter246061 47.32
238 Soltis, Andrew E246066 34.42
239 Groszpeter, Attila246053 21.39
240 Van Wijgerden, Cornelis246062 31.44
241 Ornstein, Axel246052 29.52
242 Lobron, Eric245954 21.48
243 Schweber, Samuel245963 45.29
244 Kirov Ivanov, Nino245951 36.14
245 Rajkovic, Dusan245852 39.37
246 Taulbut, Shaun M245759 23.80
247 Djuric, Stefan245753 26.26
248 Zaichik, Gennady L245668 24.72
249 Hecht, Hans-Joachim245665 42.76
250 Forintos, Gyözö V245656 46.25
251 Taruffi, Daniele245665 23.16
252 Westerinen, Heikki MJ245552 37.51
253 Bönsch, Uwe245451 23.04
254 Cramling, Dan245461 22.74
255 Qi Jingxuan245471 33.97
256 Kengis, Edvins245360 22.55
257 Ungureanu, Emil245375 44.99
258 Castro Rojas, Oscar Humberto245361 28.48
259 Mariotti, Sergio245355 35.22
260 Hernandez, Roman245365 31.93
261 Myagmarsuren, Lhamsuren245275 43.70
262 Lakic, Nikola245264 34.29
263 Szmetan, Jorge245261 31.43
264 Spassov, Liuben245251 38.61
265 Lengyel, Levente245258 48.38
266 Schussler, Harry245251 24.35
267 Mochalov, Evgeny V245168 30.01
268 Piasetski, Leon David245172
269 Rodriguez, Ruben245067 34.90
270 Jamieson, Robert Murray244971
271 Martinovic, Slobodan244954 36.27
272 Hamann, Svend244968 41.06
273 Szekely, Peter244958 26.73
274 Kaufman, Larry C244875 33.95
275 Ghitescu, Theodor244859 47.77
276 Spiridonov, Nikola244853 43.67
277 Djukic, Zeljko244760 22.38
278 Henley, Ron W244757 24.90
279 Sahovic, Dragutin244657 41.23
280 Kogan, Boris244661
281 Zapata, Alonso244663 23.19
282 Bjelajac, Milan244568 33.63
283 Makropoulos, Georgios244554 28.09
284 Lederman, Leon244570 34.43
285 Gutman, Lev244470 36.10
286 Lengyel, Laszlo244475 37.31
287 Garcia, Raimundo244375 45.43
288 Raicevic, Vladimir244356 32.49
289 Haik, Aldo244260 29.03
290 Sideif Sade, Fikret I244265 29.83
291 Garcia, Gildardo244164 27.64
292 Duer, Arne244162 22.31
293 Hoelzl, Franz244156 35.57
294 Kindermann, Stefan244156 21.84
295 Hug, Werner244062 29.14
296 Langeweg, Kick244051 44.65
297 Vooremaa, Andres244062 37.28
298 Joksic, Sinisa243970 41.06
299 Rath, Ulrik243971 34.85
300 Kudrin, Sergey243958 22.15
301 Planinc, Albin243866 37.54
302 Vadasz, Laszlo243853 33.76
303 Shirazi, Kamran G243763 28.94
304 Hausner, Ivan243754 29.54
305 García Gonzáles, Guillermo243755 27.89
306 Uusi, Gunnar243663
307 Littlewood, Paul E243657 25.79
308 Toth, Bela243455 38.53
309 Mokrý, Karel243372 22.73
310 Rodriguez Vargas, Orestes243361 38.32
311 Renman, Nils Gustaf243360
312 Adamski, Jan243352 37.96
313 Pomar Salamanca, Arturo243371 50.16
314 Doda, Zbigniew243273 50.69
315 Velickovic, Sasa243257 30.58
316 Pribyl, Josef243152 34.05
317 Hennings, Artur243162 41.30
318 Wirthensohn, Heinz243157 30.49
319 Ostojic, Predrag243071 43.69
320 Seret, Jean Luc243075
321 Sokolov, Andrey Y243065 18.61
322 Lau, Ralf242965 22.03
323 Mestrovic, Zvonimir242965 37.04
324 Luczak, Andrzej242854 32.90
325 Sydor, Andrzej242769 44.83
326 Pytel, Krzysztof242759 36.46
327 Antunac, Goran242766 36.54
328 Mortensen, Erling242753 26.57
329 Bohm, Hans242651 31.79
330 Brinck Claussen, Bjorn242657
331 Zichichi, Alvise242559 43.32
332 Cuartas, Carlos242562 41.21
333 Gerusel, Mathias242572 43.74
334 Debarnot, Roberto242467 34.24
335 Morovic Fernández, Iván E242470 18.60
336 Despotovic, Momcilo242461 33.66
337 Tompa, Janos242463 34.50
338 Matera, Salvatore Joseph242472
339 Ostermeyer, Peter242368 38.05
340 Trifunov, Dimitar242368 17.82
341 Zivanovic, Ivan242266 18.58
342 Rantanen, Yrjo A242254 31.52
343 Sjoberg, Mats242162 22.96
344 Peev, Peicho Chonev242069 41.58
345 Wockenfuss, Klaus242061 30.17
346 Plaskett, Jim242064 21.62
347 Kristiansen, Jens242056 29.43
348 Augustin, Josef242058 39.45
349 Fedorowicz, John P241953 23.09
350 Law, Andrew P241864 31.31
351 Flesch, Janos241864 48.09
352 Honfi, Karoly241864 51.02
353 Guimard, Carlos E241872 68.57
354 Pétursson, Margeir241853 21.71
355 Ciric, Dragoljub M241870 45.96
356 Alexandria, Nana241856 32.05
357 Kuijpers, Franciscus Antonius241771
358 Kestler, Hans-Günter241762 41.88
359 Bukal, Vladimir Sr241674 41.99
360 Helmers, Knut J241660 24.73
361 Reefschlaeger, Helmut241670 37.56
362 Gruenberg, Hans Ulrich241555 25.81
363 Botterill, George Steven241566
364 Arbakov, Valentin241563 29.76
365 Arnason, Jon L241454 20.96
366 Trapl, Jindrich241368 39.60
367 Webb, Simon241369 32.39
368 Garcia Martinez, Silvino241261 37.32
369 Jakobsen, Ole241256 39.03
370 Balinas, Rosendo Carrean241265
371 Akesson, Ralf241158 20.73
372 Franco Ocampos, Zenon241162 25.47
373 Cifuentes Parada, Roberto241171 23.86
374 Sisniega, Marcel241175 22.26
375 Strauss, David J241165 35.23
376 Fedder, Steen241064 30.38
377 Kaiszauri, Konstanty240957 29.02
378 McCambridge, Vincent240960 21.65
379 Watson, John L240960 30.15
380 Bellin, Robert240854 29.34
381 Sznapik, Aleksander240851 30.72
382 Pritchett, Craig William240862
383 Hase, Juan Carlos240866
384 Prandstetter, Eduard240752 32.88
385 Minev, Nikolay N240774 50.81
386 Ioseliani, Nana240771 19.72
387 Borik, Otto240754 34.10
388 Ambroz, Jan240653 27.37
389 Frias, Victor J240561 25.72
390 Kunsztowicz, Uwe240360 37.79
391 Garcia Palermo, Carlos240363 27.91
392 Morris, Walter D240266 23.16
393 Bielczyk, Jacek240254 28.69
394 Tomaszewski, Roman240260 21.46
395 Van der Sterren, Paul240154 25.62
396 Rubinetti, Jorge A240160 36.58
397 Enklaar, Bertus F240169
398 Nogueiras, Jesus240070 22.29
399 Balshan, Amikam240071
400 Szymczak, Zbigniew239955 29.82
401 Moehring, Guenther239958 44.93
402 Hansson, Dan239969 29.39
403 Pokojowczyk, Jerzy239954 32.69
404 Welin, Thomas239865 22.15
405 Fries Nielsen, Jens Ove239855 21.69
406 Kelecevic, Nedeljko239859 34.64
407 Scheeren, Peter239761 26.25
408 Cvetkovic, Srdjan239760 35.67
409 Deze, Anton239768
410 Tisdall, Jonathan D239665 23.18
411 Vetemaa, Juri239675 25.18
412 Short, Nigel D239656 16.41
413 Nun, Jiri239664 24.26
414 Radev, Nikolai239561 42.87
415 Swic, Waldemar239563 28.64
416 Vilela, Jose Luis239554 28.62
417 Krnic, Zdenko239457 34.08
418 Bohosjan, Sarkis239467 40.59
419 Osmanovic, Kemal239467 40.65
420 Banas, Jan239354 34.41
421 Hoi, Carsten239354 24.79
422 Schoeneberg, Manfred239368 35.32
423 Vinje Gulbrandsen, Arne239373
424 Hebert, Jean239358 23.96
425 Bednarski, Jacek B239260 42.63
426 Barle, Janez239267 29.61
427 Mascarinas, Rico239261 28.66
428 Filipowicz, Andrzej239264 43.47
429 Danner, Georg239058 35.01
430 Brondum, Eric239062 39.87
431 Petran, Pal238958 35.13
432 Cabrilo, Goran238955 23.33
433 Donchev, Dimitar I238968 23.28
434 Tischbierek, Raj238955 19.10
435 Goehring, Karl Heinz238867
436 Olafsson, Helgi238857 25.21
437 Franklin, Michael J238874 50.74
438 Emma, Jaime J238866 43.79
439 Bouaziz, Slim238872 31.54
440 Nurkic, Sahbaz238866 25.63
441 Gonsior, Evzen238768 49.90
442 Hansen, Curt238760 17.12
443 Ravikumar, Vaidyanathan238758 21.85
444 Dueckstein, Andreas238670 54.24
445 Gruchacz, Robert238573 27.92
446 Horvath, Tamas238455 30.02
447 Goodman, David SC238372
448 Ernst, Thomas238262 21.20
449 Kagan, Shimon238261 39.57
450 Wilder, Michael238264 19.12
451 Lukov, Valentin238059 25.89
452 Bronstein, Luis238066 35.41
453 Bajovic, Milan237873
454 Adamski, Andrzej237866 42.80
455 Coudari, Camille237775 30.26
456 Borm, Franciscus WM237768
457 Iskov, Gert237553 33.26
458 Segal, Alexandru Sorin237566 34.07
459 Skembris, Spyridon237558 23.69
460 Dobosz, Henryk237455 28.61
461 Kouatly, Bachar237465 23.66
462 Bator, Zbigniew237471 29.91
463 Basman, Michael J237475 35.62
464 Filipovic, Branko237468 24.07
465 Hebden, Mark237368 23.71
466 Braga, Fernando237365 23.31
467 Benjamin, Joel L237357 17.64
468 Janoševic, Dragoljub237368 58.31
469 Sapi, Laszlo237363 46.61
470 Rumens, David E237370 42.11
471 Gauglitz, Gernot237262 19.34
472 Stefanov, Parik237260 26.99
473 Ost Hansen, Jacob237266
474 Przewoznik, Jan237261 24.12
475 Neckar, Lubomir237160 31.24
476 Van Riemsdijk, Herman C237161 33.18
477 Pavlov, Mircea237156 44.13
478 Soos, Bela237168 51.65
479 Hartoch, Robert G237060
480 Bastian, Herbert236968 28.89
481 Schinzel, Wladyslaw236953 38.44
482 Arapovic, Vitomir236964 29.86
483 Barlov, Dragan236860 24.75
484 Zarubin, O.236876
485 Spraggett, Kevin B236870 26.97
486 Cuasnicu, Oscar236775 39.02
487 Angantysson, Haukur236769 32.91
488 Flear, Glenn C236673 22.72
489 Fernandez Garcia, Jose Luis236665 27.49
490 Budde, Vladimir236663 28.85
491 Jacobsen, Bo236672 32.88
492 Kristensen, Bjarke236658 25.56
493 Lieb, Harald236573 46.85
494 Herzog, Adolf236558 28.40
495 Rossetto, Héctor D236474 59.15
496 Wagman, Stuart236370 62.46
497 Partos, Charles236369 45.22
498 Rigo, Janos236258 33.01
499 Sloth, Jorn236264 37.15
500 Heinbuch, Detlef236271 20.81

These ratings, calculated as of October 31, 1981, incorporate all games (against rated opponents) played in the time between November 1, 1980 and October 31, 1981, along with the ratings that were already calculated as of October 31, 1980. Players who have played an insufficient number of games in recent years will not appear on the list, even though you may see them on previous and/or subsequent lists. Any players who have been completely inactive for three years are removed from the list.

Definition of columns in the above list:

# refers to the player's world rank on this list.

Player is the full name of the player. Click on the player's name to see a career progression of the player's ratings.

Rating is the calculated rating for the player, as of October 31, 1981. This represents the player's estimated strength on November 1, 1981.

+/- is the standard deviation of the player's rating estimate. It is based on a geometric average of the number of rated games played in past years. Players who play very frequently will have a smaller +/- value, indicating a greater confidence in the accuracy of their rating. Players whose +/- value exceeds 76 are classified as "inactive" and removed from the ranking list due to their infrequent play against rated opponents. Mathematically, a player's rating is an estimate of their exact strength on November 1, 1981. The +/- value represents the standard deviation of that estimate; the player's true strength on November 1, 1981 should be within one standard deviation of their calculated rating approximately 68% of the time, and within two standard deviations of their calculated rating approximately 95% of the time.

Best? is the estimated likelihood that the player was actually the strongest player in the world on November 1, 1981. Since ratings are known to be inaccurate, it is possible that a lower-rated player is actually much stronger than their rating would indicate, and it is also possible that other players are weaker than their ratings would indicate. This number indicates the likelihood that the player is indeed the strongest player in the world. On a particular list, it will add up to 100% across the complete list of all players. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

75%? gives a 75%-confidence world ranking for the player. Because ratings are known to be inaccurate, even if a particular player is rated third in the world, we cannot say with 100% certainty that they are truly one of the three strongest players in the world. This number indicates the world rank that we are 75% sure the player is "no worse than". Thus if a player has a value of #12 in this column, we are 75% sure that the player is one of the twelve strongest players in the world. This value is only calculated for the top 100 players on any rating list.

Age is the player's exact age in years, on October 31, 1981. If a player's age is displayed as a link, that means that this rating was active at the time of their next birthday. Click on the link to see the sorted list of all players' ratings on their birthdays when turning that same age.

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